Essay on Matrix Template - 766 Words

GenRays Matrix Template Project Management Knowledge Areas|Recommended Tool(s)|Justification for Tool| Project Integration Management | Expert Judgment|-PM Plan is Formal, single document, approved (becomes officially the project plan. It defines how project is executed and controlled. Scope, schedule, and Cost, Change, and Configuration Management plans are created in this process and are part of the PM plan- Scope Management plan is developed here as well.| Project Scope Management | -Interviews -Focus Groups -Facilitated Workshops -Group Creativity Technique -Group decision making techniques -Questionnaires and Surveys -Observation(Job Shadowing) -Prototypes| Facilitated Workshops examples: JAD and Quality Function Deployment Group†¦show more content†¦E.g. outsourcing -Marginal analysis: Spend time on improvement if it improves revenues or productivity. -Order of Magnitude Estimate: -50% to +100% Conceptual Estimate: -30% to + 50% -Preliminary Estimate: -20% to +30% -Def initive Estimate: -15% to +20% -Control Estimate: -10% to +15%| Project Quality Management| -Cost Benefit Analysis -Cost of Quality -Control Charts -Benchmarking -Design of Experiments -Statistical Sampling -Flowcharting -Proprietary quality manage- ment methodologies -Additional quality planning tools (Brainstorming, Affinity Diagrams, Nominal Group Technique)| -Cost benefit: Looking at how much your quality activities will cost. -Benchmarking: means using the results of quality planning on other projects to set goals for your own. -Design of experiments: is the list of all the kinds of tests you are going to run on your product. -Total Quality Management (TQM): Everyone in the company is responsible for quality and is able to make a difference -Continuous Improvement (Kaizen): constant process improvement in the form of small changes -Just-In-Time(JIT) -ISO 9000: Companies document what they do and they do what they document -MutuallyShow MoreRelatedGenray Hris Matrix Template718 Words   |  3 PagesGenRays Matrix Template Project Management Knowledge Areas|Recommended Tool(s)|Justification for Tool| Project Integration Management | Expert Judgment|-PM Plan is Formal, single document, approved (becomes officially the project plan. It defines how project is executed and controlled. Scope, schedule, and Cost, Change, and Configuration Management plans are created in this process and are part of the PM plan- Scope Management plan is developed here as well.| Project Scope Management | -InterviewsRead MoreLayer By Layer Techniques For Making Microcapsules1481 Words   |  6 Pages(LbL) self-assembly technique of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte on colloidal template followed by core decomposition. The main concept of microencapsulation is to protect the contents of fabricated microcapsules from the harmful environment in which it is surrounded. In this literature review, I shall outline the technique of microcapsules encapsulation employing LbL approach, lists of polyelectrolytes and templates and application of microcapsules. Introduction Over the past decades, nanometre-sizedRead MoreScalable Graph Based And Ranking Computation Web Image Search2436 Words   |  10 Pagestranquil inept for large size cases. One may argue that the matrix inversion can be done offline, then it is not a setback for on-line seek. However, off-line calculation can only handle the case when the query is formerly in the lattice (an in-sample). If the question mark is not in the grid (an out-of- sample), for strict grid constitution, We have to renew the whole crisscross to add the new reservation and add the matrix inversion over again.Thus, the off-line subtraction doesn’tRead MoreThe Matrix: Fear of Technology in a Dystopian World1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Matrix: Fear of Technology in a Dystopian World Millions of people flock to the movie theater year after year on a quest to be entertained. Even a mediocre movie has the ability to take the audience to another place, escaping the realities of their own life, if only for a mere two hours. Some movies are simply pure entertainment. And then, there are those movies that provoke conversation long after the film has been viewed. Dystopian themes are not new, and have historically provided a templateRead MoreThe Importance Of A 3d Supportive Structure3116 Words   |  13 Pagesmaterial must be sufficiently porous to allow for effective transport of nutrients. Finally, it should be biocompatible and, if biodegradable, degrade as the tissue matrix is produced leaving only nontoxic degradation products. When using biomaterial scaffolds in tissue-engineered constructs the 3D environment of the extracellular matrix is being imitated, it also gives structural support to the regenerate and surrounding tissues. Scaffolds are designed to support the migration, proliferation and differentiationRead MoreA Note On Traceability Single Directional, Bi Directional1833 Words   |  8 Pagesarea must be included as a stakeholder and must have signed off on the requirements †¢ Terms/Glossary: All potentially ambiguous terms are defined in the document. Use the Glossary of Terms or define the term when first used. †¢ Standard Template: The standard template must be used (As per Organization standard). Sections must not be deleted. Additional information must be limited to business requirements or related information. †¢ Revision History: See Revision History Tab for a list of change requiredRead MoreHistory Of Dental Pulp Stem Cells3377 Words   |  14 Pagesdifferentiate. Several reports have shown that dental stem cells being seeded onto a matrix scaffold and transplanted in vivo form a new tissue similar to that of the native pulp (Cordeiro et al., 2008; Rosa et al., 2013). However, none of the scaffolds described so far has all the structure and properties of an ideal material, which should most closely resemble the cells’ physiological environment: natural extracellular matrix (ECM) (Galler et al., 2011). In contrast to the conventional scaffolding approachRead MoreEssay On Brain Tissue1285 Words   |  6 Pagesbias corrects and spatially normalizes in the same model. b) Registration: (Optional) Create a study-specific regis- tration template by aligning all subjects structural images to an existing standard space template image (such as the MNI152). Average all aligned images to create the new template, and optionally smooth. Align all subjects structural images to the chosen template, normally first using linear and then nonlinear registration. DARTEL toolbox is then used for nonlinear image registrationRead MoreHtc Assessment Essay3584 Words   |  15 Pagesavailable options to implement in the future. Strategies in business level as porter’s generic forces are used to see what are the possible options are HTC to survive in the market. It also offers strategies at corporate level such as the BCG growth share matrix which allows the firms to see where their products are in the market and also helps them decide what type of strategy to use on their products. Conclusion and Recommendation Recommendation has been made as to what strategy out of the ones offeredRead MoreA Survey On Product Development Surveys1147 Words   |  5 PagesAnother key lesson learnt while creating survey is the importance of using traceability matrix. Build a traceability matrix with the question as row and reason stating why we need answer for this question as a column. Traceability matrix will help to validate each question in the survey and to verify if the answer to that question is really required in order to build an intended product. Also, traceability matrix is a very important tool to be used in every phase of software development lifecycle.

The Curriculum For The Class - 2209 Words

Perhaps when writing the curriculum for the class you could consider some of these ideas, it is important to reach out to each of the students and make them feel comfortable and want to take interest in what they are learning. According to Interest Theory it is important for students to find value in what they are learning. Some examples of this include; when a student is able to apply what they have learned to everyday occurrences, being able to gain gratification from achievements, and even feel the recognition of a practiced skill as useful. Attribution Theory implies that as a teacher it is important to create an environment where many different cultures and viewpoints are valid and offered. Calvin makes a point by saying that sometimes his ideas are â€Å"too big† so that no one cares. So if you encourage this out of the box thinking and give Calvin opportunities to show he knows what he is talking about Calvin will take more interest in what he is learning. Tying in Self Determination Theory into the curriculum. Calvin would then be intrinsically motivated when you give him the opportunity to test his knowledge with a topic that interests him. As the teacher, you can offer a variety of tasks, which will make it difficult for him to attribute his â€Å"failure† to one specific type of lesson plan or lecture. Which ties into Goal Theory, and suggesting letting students have some control in the class. For instance; letting the students have a choice of what they can read. If youShow MoreRelatedClass And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work987 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Class in America,† Gregory Mantsios identifies the social classes in America as well as the growing gaps between them. He explains how people who are born in already wealthy families are well educated and take advantage of opportunities. He claims that people in the lower class are not given a chance to succeed and it is even more difficult for the minorities. Man tsios’ article relates well to Anyon’s â€Å"Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work.† Anyon attempts to find evidenceRead MoreAdding a Class to the School Curriculum1831 Words   |  8 PagesDear Principal, a class that specializes in focus, prioritizing, organization and study skills is absolutely necessary for any Middle School student. At my age and younger, students have a tendency to be disorganized both physically and mentally. I have a knack for losing and forgetting my homework assignments and my grades suffering. I know I am not alone in this struggle against clutter and forgetfulness. Critical thinking classes provide a student with structure, study skills and the art of prioritizingRead MoreSocial Class And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work1161 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work,† Anyon argues that this is no longer the case. Anyon’s study concludes that from the fifth grade, students in poorer commu nities are groomed to succeed in low-class, blue collar jobs, while children in wealthy communities are prepared for more desirable careers. Anyon analyzes four different types of schools that all varied based on family income, occupation and other relevant social characteristics. She found that students in working-class schoolsRead MoreSocial Class And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work960 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent social-class. In the article â€Å"Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† Jean Anyon states, â€Å"In the two working-class schools, work is following the steps of a procedure. The teacher rarely explains why the work is being assigned and how it might connect to other assignments† (2). Students are not taught to think for themselves. They are taught to follow their parent’s footsteps into the work force as very low skilled workers. 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Supporting this claim is Diane Ravitch in â€Å"The Essentials of a Good education† stating affluent communities provide classes beyond the essentials, including extra-curricular classes and activities with well-equipped material for their children to obtain. Contrastively, the working class communityRead MoreSocial Class And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work By Jean Anyon1247 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article â€Å"Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† by Jean Anyon. She argues that there is a serious gap in quality and level of education in the public school system. The gap widens as you progress up from working class to middle class and on through affluent professional to executive elite. Based on her research I would have to agree with her. Anyons research revealed that the working class students are not given the same opportunities to learn as students in the other classes. WhetherRead MoreRhetoric Analysis: â€Å"From Social Class And The Hidden Curriculum875 Words   |  4 Pages Rhetoric Analysis: â€Å"From Social Class And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work† Many issues in the 1900’s have been affecting jobs, social classes, and student’s education. In particular, fifth graders are being divided by their parents work level. Because this is happening, students will have unequal fairness on the outcome of the education they will receive. Jean Anyon, the author of â€Å"From Social Class And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work,† employs important concepts and powerful illustration to prove thatRead MoreJean Anyon s Social Class And The Hidden Curriculum Of Work1245 Words   |  5 PagesJean Anyon’s â€Å"Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† What does social class mean? Social class means a division of a society based on social and economic status. Now, what does hidden curriculum mean? Hidden Curriculum means a side effect of education, such as norms, values and beliefs in the classroom. Accordingly, Jean Anyon’s, author of â€Å"Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† claims that each and every social class has it’s own very different way of teaching in schools. AnyonRead MoreCurriculum Based Learning, Data Informed Decisions And World Class Standards And Personalized Professional Development767 Words   |  4 PagesBased Learning, Data Informed Decisions and World-Class Standards and Personalized Professional Development. In defining Project Based Learning, this occurs where students are involved in identifying and solving a problem in and out of the classroom. Data Informed Decisions occurs where data is used to drive curriculum-based decisions in the classroom. School leaders and distr ict administrators normally make these decisions for schools. World-Class Standards and Personalized Professional Development

Manage Industrial Relations

Question: Discuss about theManage Industrial Relations. Answer: Introduction: Conflict Management Techniques Dispute Resolution Procedures In order to manage the disputes on industrial relations for the company Colesworths, disputes with respect to payments to workers can be resolved by using the procedures of conciliation and arbitration. Apart from that, the disputes can also be resolved through the loop- back procedures or low to high cost chain of procedures (Moore Taylor, 2016). Workplace disputes are required to be resolved by considering the mutual agreements for the benefits of both company and its employees. Legal remedies Other than the conciliation and arbitration, adjudication is another remedy to solve the industrial conflicts between managers and workers. This remedy is conducted by the government either with or without the consent of the parties to the dispute. If the conflicts referred to the adjudicating authority with the consent of the managers and workers, it is called as voluntary adjudication (Lucas, Lnrt Solymosi, 2015). Grievances to Alleviate or Eliminate In the given case of Colesworths, the grievances with respect to the increase in commission on sales and reduction on penalty rates with no TOIL are easier to eliminate. Since the commission on sales is paid on works done by employees more than the target work, the company will not be required to pay the amount on regular basis to each of the workers (Batstone, 2015). Additionally, the penalty payment, which is also to be paid only if the worker works on Saturdays and Sundays. The company can manage these grievances by examining the facts and causes by considering the remedial actions. Main Issues in the Dispute In the given case, the major issues of the industrial conflicts are increase in basic wage rate at lower rate 3% despite of expected increase in sales at 10% and profit margin by 5%. Another issue that raised the dispute between managers and workers is about reduction in penalty rates by including one-day time off in lieu (TOIL). Inclusion of this condition is a sign of discouragement for the performance of workers because of the lower rate of penalty as well as inclusion of one day TOIL (Gumerov et al., 2015). Similarly, lower rate of increase in commission on sales is another major dispute between the managers and employees because it would demoralize the workers in better performance. Options for Expert Advice As a retail company, Colesworths the first option to approach for a expert advice is conciliation officer under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The officer has powers of civil court and the judgment of the officer is binding on both the disputing parties. Another option to approach for the specialist advice is arbitrator who provides judgment on considering the matter of dispute. Even though the arbitrator does not have judicial powers yet the decisions is binding on the conflicting parties (Van Geenhuizen Nijkamp, 2016). Trade Union Workforce Trade union is referred to the organization of laborers to achieve common goals for protecting the rights and benefits of the workers. In the given case, the single trade union would represent all the workers of the organization. Negotiations with Workers Best outcome Considering the demands of the workers and offers of the companys management, the best outcome would be a win- win situation based on the relationship, interests and aim for producing best result. Accordingly, the best outcome of would be increase of basic wages at 6% as well as the penalty rates can be imposed with no TOIL (Garbie, 2015). This modification in the payment to the workers would motivate the performance of the workers because increment of wage rate would be regular whereas commission on sales is irregular that can be maintained at lower rate. The commission on sales represents the incentive payments based on the quality and efficiency of the performance of workers. Therefore, there should be moderate increase in rate of sales commission that motivates the employees in their performance. Hence, it is advised to increase the sales commission at 3.5% to have the win- win situation between the management of the company and workers.W Worst outcome Worst outcome of the negotiation would be win- lose approach by stating companys requirements and policies without any communication and discussion. In case the management implements the new policy of payments to workers without communication then it will not reflect a positive impact on the employees. Since the workers have not agreed with the increased rates of payment policies, the management is responsible to discuss the requirements with the workers (Zhuang Chen, 2015). If the management takes one side decision and implement the payment policy, the worst outcome would be lack of proper performance of the workers and labor turnover. Stability growth of the company depends on the performance of the workforce therefore; its worst outcome reflects negative impact on the companys productivity. Negotiations Strategy Negotiation of the industrial dispute can be carried on with the objective of providing benefits to both the companies and workers. The company is required to get the business activities done while the workers are required to get paid for the work. Therefore, it is essential to examine the facts and requirements of the workers to implement the payment policy. In the given case, there is huge difference in the rates of basic wage and sales commission between management and workers (Hikmany et al., 2016). The strategy would be to conduct a meeting session with the workers to understand their needs. The percentage rates would be discussed to reach at mutual agreement. Time Frame to Rreach Agreement Considering the facts and actions on the dispute agreements, the meeting session would be considered for one day followed with examining the facts and industrial market scenario, total time to reach the agreement would take one month. Advocacy of Companys Position In case of Colesworths for industrial relations plan, it is observed that the company has expected increase in sales by 10% and profit margin at 5%. Accordingly, increase in payment to workers as per their requirement by 7.5% does not seem to be justified along with the 5% increase in the sales commissions. Considering the present situation of payment policy to workers, include sales commission at 10% and penalty rates on the basic wage at 25% for Saturdays and at 100% on Sundays. The company has also a policy on 20 days annual leave as well as 10 days of personal leave. Accordingly, increase of 3% in basic wage and 2.5% on sales commissions are appropriate with the view of expected rise in sales. Expected rise in sales is uncertain, also the percentage rate of rise is uncertain due to which company is not in a position to increase the wage rate by more than 3%. However, decrease in penalty rate is quite demoralizing for the workers that included on day TOIL yet the workers agreed to it only with the modification of elimination of TOIL. It is advised that the management should communicate the offers and requirements of workers for the payment rates increment (Tsurumi, 2015). It is suggested that the company should increase the rate of basic wage by 5% and eliminate the clause of one day TOIL that will serve the purpose of company and workers at the same time. Availability of Tribunals or Courts to Determine the Resolution In case of failure in negotiations for the industrial plan, the company is recommended to approach the The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission. This tribunal has been formed to conduct the non-judicial activities on disputes like industrial planning. The Colesworths is required to approach the Arbitration Commission by presenting the dispute matter and disputing party i.e. workers (Martin, 2015). The concerned officer would consider the matter by examining the facts, data and requirements of the workers and company. On analyzing the essential matters and communication with the conflicting parties, the officer would place the decision which will be binding on the company and workers. Documentation and Certification of the Agreement Any agreement is legally valid only if it is appropriately certified and documented by the legislations and statutes. At first, the agreement decided by the commission should be accepted by the disputing parties and signed by the concerned officer. At the second step, the documents of the agreement presenting the payment policy, rates of payment, duration should be certified by the management and commission officer. A copy of the industrial plan is required to be provided to the workers to maintain the record and work policy. Remedial Action In case of votes against the agreement by some of the workers who had been absent on weekend work schedule, the management of the company can initiate by conducting a meeting session. The management can communicate with the workers to understand the reasons of unfavorable working strategy (Hikmany et al., 2016). Another remedy company can take is imposing the strict actions by serving warning letters stating the deduction in basic pay in proportion to the amount of loss that the company bears due to poor performance of such workers. The management can also take the step to terminate the workers for not providing the responsible performance on their allocated work. Reference List: Batstone, E. (2015). Arms-Length Bargaining: Industrial Relations in a French Company.Historical Studies in Industrial Relations, (36), 73-136. Garbie, I. (2015, March). Investigation of Sustainability index in Omani manufacturing firms: Evidence from industrial company. InIndustrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1-7). IEEE. Gumerov, A. V., Pavlova, A. V., Kharisova, G. M., Abdullina, S. N., Matveeva, E. S., Vyukov, M. G., Khairullina, E. R. (2015). The role of the quality production process of the business entitles in volatile environment.Review of European Studies,7(1), 200. Hikmany, A. N. H., Hikmany, A. N. H., Oseni, U. A., Oseni, U. A. (2016). Dispute resolution in the Islamic banking industry of Tanzania: learning from other jurisdictions.International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management,9(1), 125-142. Lucas, G., Lnrt, C., Solymosi, J. (2015). Development and Testing of Geo-Processing Models for the Automatic Generation of Remediation Plan and Navigation Data to Use in Industrial Disaster Remediation.The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,40(3), 195. Martin, T. (2015). The Fight for Industrial Democracy and Domestic Prosperity: Working Class and Prominent Women's Participation in the Colorado Coal Field Strike, 1913-15. Moore, S., Taylor, P. (2016). We planned a dispute by Blackberry: The implications of the Trade Union Bill for Union use of social media as suggested by the BA-BASSA dispute of 200911.Industrial Law Journal, dww011. Tsurumi, Y. (2015). Labor Relations and Industrial Adjustment in Japan and the United States: A Comparative Analysis.Yale Law Policy Review,2(2), 5. Van Geenhuizen, M., Nijkamp, P. (2016, February). Industrial dynamics, company life histories and the core-periphery dilemma. InGeography Research Forum(Vol. 15, pp. 49-69). Zhuang, W., Chen, F. (2015). Mediate First: The Revival of Mediation in Labour Dispute Resolution in China.The China Quarterly,222, 380-402.

Neutron Stars versus White Dwarfs an Example of the Topic All Posts by

Neutron Stars versus White Dwarfs Neutron stars are extremely dense: they are only 10 kilometers or so in size, but have the mass of an average star (usually about 1.5 times more massive than our Sun). Need essay sample on "Neutron Stars versus White Dwarfs" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed A single [neutron star] can hold the mass of up to 5 suns in a sphere about 12 kilometers across (Krieger 2006). Neutron stars were supergiant stars whose exploded ultradense cores becom[e] neutron stars the size of a small town (Kaler, Jim. Ask Astro. Astronomy, 32, Issue 1. 2004). (This phenomena can also create a black hole.) Neutron stars are made of neutrons. Their superdense status is responsible for some of the most exotic phenomenon in the universe, such as pulsars. In 2006, astronomers discovered a densely packed sphere of neutrons spinning so fast that its equator may whirl at 15% the speed of light. The object breaks a 23-year-old record for fastest stellar spin by a sizeable margin (Irion 2006.) Neutron stars have consumed all of their own fuel and so tap into other sources for energy. Thanks to this efficient release of gravitational energy, the temperature at the center of a newborn neutron star can reach 500 billion kelvins Its likely that neutron stars are born magnetized A newborn neutron star is incredibly hot -- it is, after all, the surviving core of a star that has just collapsed and exploded as a supernova. Gravitational energy released during the star's collapse represents almost 10 percent of its rest-mass energy... Rotation offers another energy source for neutron stars. They spin rapidly at birth because the collapsing pre-supernova star "spins up"-- much as a spinning ice skater does when she pulls in her armsSome neutron stars do produce energy by thermonuclear fusion on their surfaces. (Sigg 2005). Both white dwarfs and neutron stars are the remnants of stars about the size of our sun. Neither are sustained via nuclear reactions at the core. The matter in both objects is compressed to extreme densities, and therefore both are useful for studying matter at high energies. White dwarfs are dim; neutron stars are invisible, but they all have masses similar to the sun. Like a neutron star, a white dwarf has no energy source other than what is left over from its birth. White dwarfs are dead stars, and, like neutron stars, are incapable of nuclear reactions. Also like neutron stars, they are incredibly dense. Neutron stars and massive white dwarfs can sometimes, as a result of a close encounter, create an x-ray-emitting binary pair (Morledge, 2002). Both neutron stars and white dwarfs are useful for studying matter at high densities. A typical white dwarf is a little larger than Earth but has 60 percent the mass of the Sun. It forms after a star that is born with less than eight times the Sun's mass expands into a red giant. The red giant eventually casts off its atmosphere, exposing the hot, dense core -- the white dwarf. A white dwarf does not burn nuclear fuel, as the Sun and other stars do; instead, it shines because it is hot. Since white dwarfs no longer generate energy, their evolution resembles the fading fortunes these stars have faced during the 20th century: They start off hot and bright but soon cool and fade (Croswell, 1996.) White dwarfs theoretically turn to black dwarfs, but no such star exists; it takes so long for the process to occur, that all white dwarfs are still evolving. References Ken Croswell, Ken. (1996). White Dwarfs confront the Universe. Astronomy 24, Issue 5. Irion, Robert. (2006). The Speediest Stellar Spinner. Science Now, 2006, Issue 112. Kaler, Jim. (2004). Ask Astro. Astronomy, 32, Issue 1. Krieger, Kim. (2006). Strange Quarks Make for Chunky Stars. Science Now, 2006, Issue 106. Morledge, Paul. (2002). Rocking the Universe. Astronomy, 30, Issue 10. Sigg, Jacob. (2005). Visible Neutron Stars. Astronomy, 33, Issue 3.

Psycho A Review Essays

Psycho A Review Essays Psycho A Review Paper Psycho A Review Paper The novel by Robert Bloch adapted into Alfred Hitchcocks benchmark thriller with Anthony Perkins and Janet Leigh. It portrays the story of Marion (Leigh) crane as she drives across the states, with 40,000 dollars she stole from her boss, to her lover Sam. Before she can get there the twisted Norman Bates (Perkins) murders her. When there is no word from her, her boss hires a private detective to tack her down, after a tiring search the detective Milton Arbogast comes across the Bates motel and discovers that Marion has been there. After lingering for a while Arbogast decides to search the motel and the mansion behind it, as he enters the house he climbs the stairs only to be murdered as well. After Arbogast fails to return Sam (the lover) and Lila (the sister) become suspicious that he has either stolen the money or has disappeared under the same circumstances as Marion. The pair decides to pay a visit to the motel. Sam distracts the nervous Bates as Lila goes in search of mother Bates only to discover she is a stuffed body being held in the cellar of the mansion; Norman then bursts in followed by Sam, Bates is dresses in his mothers clothes, after being subdued he is arrested and taken to a psychiatrist where he is diagnosed as having a split personality as his mother and himself. The final shot is the cars of his victims being dragged from a swamp behind the motel. Hitchcock surprises the audience in several ways: Firstly he kills of Marion the main character leaving us with no one to empathise with; we are however quickly turned to start to empathise with Norman as he apparently is left with the burden of his sick mother. Finally we empathise with Sam and Lila as it his lover and her sister that has disappeared. Hitchcock uses a lot of techniques to build up the atmosphere of particular scenes such as the use of shadows and light and dark. When Norman has the parlour scene conversation with Marion she is bathed in light whereas half of Bates face is in light and half is in dark to show the split personality, however in later scenes we see him in pure white light as he is portrayed as the innocent son. There are a lot of scenes where he is half and half in light and dark. When the dead mother is discovered Lila hits a hanging light that causes shadows to move across the face almost making it look like the eyes are moving. Hitchcock makes the sense of a trap by always having his characters moving around cautiously of very fast and aware of their surroundings like in the parlour scene Janet Leigh allways has her eyes surveying the area, Bates and all his stuffed birds that signify the mother having power over him as the birds are in a towering position. The camera movements he uses are also very clever because in the shower scene when the water goes down the plug the camera rotates clockwise and then we have an extreme close up of Marions eye and the camera goes out spiralling anti-clockwise. It also dwells on her body for a while to really bring to life that our main character is gone. He manipulates the audiences viewpoint by giving people the first person view like when she is driving the car we have a third person shot. In the shower scene we have a first person view, she looks up to the showerhead and is washing away her sins so to speak because she looks so happy about it. The sound effects and music he uses are also very fitting, Hitchcock asked Bernard Herman to compose it entirely with a string orchestra to give a more shrill striking effect when the murder takes place. In some scenes however there is no music like when she is confronted by the policeman and in the parlour scene prior to the shower scene. Anthony Perkins portrays Norman Bates perfectly, He gives a very strong impression of the edgy cautious Norman. He starts to be empathised with by the audience because of the terrible burden of his mother. His character does however develop from the innocent used son to the cruel hostage to his mother. Janet Leigh is portrays the damsel in distress because she is tied up with Sam, wanting to marry him, this probably drives her to steal the money and ever since she becomes a lot more wary and cautious on the doomed trip to Fairville. When she is in the parlour with Bates she realises she may be able to piece her life back together and be forgiven but sadly it is too late has she is murdered! In the shower scene first we see Marion rush to the toilet to dispose of her notes on the forty thousand dollars and flushes them (unsuccessfully). As she turns the shower on she seems happy that she can return to Phoenix and sort out her affairs. The door opens and the killer emerges completely shadowed but the figure of an older woman is obvious it is orchestral silence until the curtain is drawn back when the screech of the string orchestra and Marions scream pierces the air. Because no music has played prior to the scream you feel the trap has closed in the time before you only hear the shower. It seems with every stab a chord is played on the strings. When she is killed we see the water go down the drain which is ironic as her life really has gone down the drain, at this point we are startled as we have no one to relate to. There is no music after the attack, as she slides down the wall she reaches out and pulls the curtain down, it is silent until we see the money by the window and the house as Norman Bates shouts as his mother oh the blood mother the blood. The other scene I have analysed is when the dead mother is discovered in the fruit cellar after Sam has confronted Bates. Lila finds herself going down into the fruit cellar as Bates runs upstairs in search of her. She wanders through the room and finds Mrs Bates she runs up to her and says oh! Mrs Bates! And at that point the horrible stuffed figure of the woman is exposed. Lila screams and hits the hanging light just then Norman bursts in dressed as his mother the orchestra starts the murder music again, thankfully Sam bursts in at that point and subdues Norman in a great struggle. We are left with a high angle shot of the room and the shadows moving across Mrs Bates face as if her eyes were moving. My personal opinion is that psycho is and was a benchmark thriller with one of the most gripping horror scenes ever filmed. This truly belongs as one of the best films of all time.

Imagecreatetruecolor() PHP Function

Imagecreatetruecolor() PHP Function The imagecreatetruecolor() function is used in PHP to create a new true color image using the GD Library. True color uses a 24-bit color depth when displaying an RGB image. Its two parameters are the width and height of the image you are creating. Sample Code Using Imagecreatetruecolor() Function This code generates a PNG image that is 130 pixels wide by 50 pixels high. The imagecreatetruecolor() function specifies a shape that is 130 pixels wide by 50 pixels high. The text color is set using RGB values. The text that will print on the shape is A Simple Text String, in size 1 (of 1-5) with an x ordinate of 5 and a y-ordinate of 5. Return Values When successful, this function returns an image identifier that represents a black image of the specified size. If not successful, it returns False. Considerations The GD library must be enabled for this function to work properly; otherwise, the return value is False. It can be downloaded free from the internet if you dont already have it installed. Imagecreatetruecolor() vs. Imagecreate() Function Although the imagecreate() function still works in PHP, the PHP manual recommends the use of the newer imagecreatetruecolor() function, which creates images with many more colorsmakes color transparency possibleallows advanced image processes

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Research Assignment

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Research - Assignment Example Measurements of data in a big population are carried out through random sampling. Random sampling does not give an accurate measurement in people since people are different from each other as compared to elements tested in natural sciences that are always identical (Graham, 2008). The best approach to measurement that should be used in the measurement of people and society is the use of a computerized sampling method that is programmed to practice simulation. Use of computerized sampling will ensure that the whole population is well represented (Davies, 2007). Both qualitative and quantitative types of research need to be valid and reliable to enhance their use by analysts. The validity of these research methods ensures the connection of the research carried out and the theoretical ideas of the researcher (Chikkodi and Satyaprasad, 2010). Much of it refers to the generalizability of the findings in both the quantitative and qualitative research. In a bid to assess, the validity of these two types of validity in research, their credibility and transferability aspect is very important (Connaway and Powell, 2010). The credibility aspect is used to determine whether the findings in the research seem believable while the transferability aspect determines whether the findings of the research are applicable in another context. Reliability of these types of research refers to the situation in which more than one observer of the study agrees with the findings (Katsirikou and Skiadas, 2012). A good example is how an efficient apparatus in laborator y gives accurate data.

The irrational side of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The irrational side of change - Essay Example employees, capability building, role modeling by the managers that enable the employees realize the new change of character in their seniors and reinforcement of different mechanisms within the organization. Human nature is usually the major determinant of the level of success in implementing change in an organization. Human nature can hinder the successful implementation of change through the application of the four conditions explained in achieving success. In telling a compelling story, it is likely that not all employees will be impressed it. It is evident that a story that motivates one person will not have the same motivation on another employee. It is important that the employees get to narrate their own change story rather than the leaders being the ones to do so because the employees will be more committed to the result. In role modeling, the executives often believe that they are the core determinants of change in the organization without realizing that they too need to change (Price & Lawson, P. 15, 2003). To realize change it is important that various structures, processes, and systems are reinforced which can be achieved by rewarding the employees on the achievements unexpectedly. This will have a great impact on the organization’s performance because the impression is likely to last in them (Priestland & Hanig, p.113, 2005). Capability building is usually important in implementing change among the employees because what employees feel, belief and think will significantly drive their behavior. Skill building is important in implementing change but the employees should be allowed to practice what they learn and that barriers that hinder employees from practicing new skills should be

Scientific Management Essay Example for Free

Scientific Management Essay Scientific Management was a new form of management that evolved in the late 1800’s that was based on a number of principles that analyzed the activities of individuals, which in turn, optimized efficiency and productivity. In this essay I will discuss the major advances that were pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henry Gantt and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Frederick Winslow Taylor was thought of as the most influential business guru of the twentieth century. 154) Taylor was a well -educated man that started his work as a laborer and quickly moved up to a chief engineer at Midvale Steel Company. Through his various positions and experience within this company he discovered many problems that were apparent between management and laborer. His first attempt in his creation of Scientific Management was to combat a process called â€Å"soldiering†. Taylor observed how the process of soldering led to low production because workers had intentionally worked slow, while making management believe they were working faster. Taylor identified two types of soldiering that workers practiced: natural and systematic. Natural soldiering was referred to as the â€Å"the natural instinct and tendency of men to take it easy. † Managers tried to overcome natural soldiering by forcing workers to be more productive. (123) Systematic soldiering was when workers all together would reason with one another to work slower. Taylor believed that workers systematically soldiered because of three main reasons. First, if workers completed their jobs faster, they believed they would be laid off. Secondly, when workers were paid by piece rate, if their production increased, they believed management would cut the piece rate requiring them to do more work for the same amount of pay they were receiving at the time. Finally, workers were accustomed to old work habits that were handed down from generation to generation. (124) Taylor believed that systematic soldiering posed more concerns than natural soldering. He thought that the problems arose because of management’s lack of responsibility to create proper jobs that offered good incentives. Taylor knew that a new industrial system would need to be created to correct the problems that were evident with management and laborer. Time Studies Taylor set out to develop a new system in an attempt to overcome the process of soldiering. Taylor believed he could determine how each job could be accomplished most efficiently and then establish performance standards based on his findings. (125) The first step in his system was defined as time studies, which was the beginning of Scientific Management. Taylor believed that he could overcome soldiering by determining what workers ought to be able to achieve with equipment and materials by scientifically setting performance standards. According to the authors of The Evolution of Management Thought â€Å"Taylor used a stop watch, weight scale and tape to literally measure the distances that workers and materials traveled. † (125) From his findings, Taylor discovered that workers used too much effort and materials to accomplish their tasks and believed this was mainly due to improper management. Taylor classified his time studies into two phases: analysis and synthesis. Analysis meant that each job was broken down into movements then the movement was described and recorded along with enough time allowed for unavoidable delays. Synthesis was all the movements in the correct sequence to determine the time and exact method for performing a job. (126)Taylor’s time studies created improvements in all elements that surround a job, careful examination of individuals at work led to a more efficient approach to perform tasks which ultimately reduced effort and increased production. Improved Incentives Taylor noticed that the traditional incentives for workers were discouraged in more ways than one. Taylor believed that management needed to create new incentive rates. Profit sharing and the old ways of paying positions instead of men, seemed to be inefficient methods. Taylor devised a three part plan that improved incentives which consisted of using time studies to set standards and pay rates, a differential piecework system that paid employees a higher rate per piece if they finished their work faster than specified, and lastly, paying the men instead of paying the positions. He believed that performance standards should be set before piece rates and rest period should be given more often to decrease fatique. Additionally, Taylor saw a need for a mutuality of interests between manager and worker and devised a system that would benefit both sides. The belief held by people was that higher wages led to higher costs. In turn, Taylor proved that higher wages would lead to lower costs and increased production with less effort. Employers didn’t have to pay low wages in order to gain momentum in the industry. Taylor also believed that some people are better suited for a position based on their will and ambition; he referred to these people as â€Å"first class workers. † Taylor urged that performance standards should be based on a first class workers pace and believed that management was responsible for identifying these types of workers. Throughout the years people assumed that production was increased by people working longer and harder, but the truth was, production increased if people worked smarter not harder. People used their resources more wisely and learned the most efficient way to complete a job. Task Management System Taylor’s task management system utilized the time studies to dictate how long a task should take to be completed and used careful planning with detailed written instructions to assign tasks to workers. Taylor thought to motivate workers based on how long it took them to complete their job. The workers that finished their job in the allotted time received higher wages compared to those who did not. Management was aided in their tasks by a new term Taylor referred to as â€Å"functional foremanship†. Taylor felt that managers should have certain qualities in order for them to be efficient supervisors which include special and technical knowledge, tact, brains, energy, common sense and good health. Taylor used this selection process to determine what tasks managers should perform. This new system of planned performance allowed each person to be in charge of a different responsibility. Managers skills were specialized which resulted in a decrease in time it took to recruit and hire people who may not be a good fit. This system dramatically changed the way tasks were planned, before this time workplace layout determined how tasks were performed. Taylor went on to put his ideas into writing with a book called The Principles of Scientific Management. This book was a significant advance of the times and made Taylor a national hero in just twenty four hours. His findings that were released in this book, sparked much controversy, but ultimately gained popularity. His book was translated into many different languages just two years after the publication. (141) Taylor was credited for leading the world towards efficiency in more ways than one. Henry Gantt There were many people who followed Taylor’s scientific approach to management thought. One of these followers that had contributed greatly to management thought was Henry Gantt. Gantt was a man that recognized the demands of the world and knew he could have a better chance at making it in life by becoming educated. He obtained a mechanical engineer degree and began his work at the Midvale Steel Company alongside of Frederick Taylor. After working with Taylor, Gantt turned out to be strongly influenced by his ideas about how to manage industry. Gantt became one of Taylor’s leading disciples and moved on to create his own ways to improve management methods and make an industry more efficient. Like Taylor, Gantt knew that there was a need for a mutuality of interest between management and worker. Gantt believed that this theory started with the worker, he argued that the workingman was the most important element in management. (159) He urged that a successful atmosphere in industry was eminent when the employer has the best worker for the position and the worker believes his work is sold at the highest price. Task and Bonus System As Gantt began to examine the managers and workers more closely, he devised a task and bonus system, which was similar to Taylor’s differential piece rate system. Gantt experimented with his ideas before he found the system that was the best solution. He would offer bonuses to workers that completed a task in less than standard time, he offered bonuses to first line supervisors based on each workers performance to complete their task in the allotted time and offered an additional bonus to supervisors if all the workers completed their task in the time limit. He found that this system encouraged supervisors to become better leaders by teaching and helping workers to achieve maximum performance. This was an important concept that shifted management from forcing workers to meet standards to leading them in a cooperative manner. After a while, workers and management started to resist the work methods Gantt created. The workers went on strike and Gantt eventually had to find and train replacements. This occurrence led Gantt to believe that management owned the role of training workers more thoroughly. In addition, Gantt added more training that used industriousness and cooperation, which he referred to as the â€Å"habits of industry†. According to the authors of The Evolution of Management Thought, â€Å"Gantt felt that as a result of doing their work promptly and to the best of their ability, workers would experience pride that comes from quality as well as quantity to work. † (161) Gantt believed that the management and laborer would be benefitted equally; employee would be paid higher wages leading to lower costs and the employer would have a greater output of production. Gantt Progress Chart As Gantt attempted to conquer the problems associated with management and laborer with the task and bonus system, he set out to devise a system to aid management in planning and coordinating workloads. After several attempts, Gantt pioneered a bar chart which was known to be the most valuable contribution to management of the generation. (163) The Gantt Progress Chart showed how work should be scheduled or directed through numerous operations, to completion. This chart allowed managers to distinguish whether a job was ahead or behind schedule, then management could take whatever means were necessary to correct the issue. The Gantt chart became a widely used efficient tool to support management in decision making and helped ensure that resources were being used proficiently. The Gilbreth’s Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were also followers of Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management principles. Frank had greatly contributed to management thought with his invention of the motion studies. Frank began his studies while working as a bricklayer. He started examining the bricklaying process and began to eliminate the steps or motions from 18 to 6. He saw that people could do twice as much work with less effort if the job was done the right way. Frank looked to remove the motions that were unnecessary in jobs, in order to reduce fatigue and increase productivity. After his invention of the motion studies, he moved to focus his work on the construction business. He used the same methods to build homes, dams, factories, skyscrapers and even whole towns. (168) As Frank gained increasing popularity, his wife persuaded him to put his work into writing. His work consisted of three systems: the field, concrete and bricklaying system. The field system was mainly used in construction as an accounting system. This system showed costs, costs in relation to estimates and the total costs of each specific job. In addition, Frank used a suggestion program that enabled workers to obtain extra money for their suggestions on how to improve a job. This would ultimately lead to better service for the customers and additional jobs in the future. (169) Under the concrete system, Frank used competition to motivate the workers. He held contests to see how fast workers could complete a job. Lastly, was the bricklaying system, he used this system to effectively train the workers. He believed apprentices should learn the best way to do a job before standards are set. He believed the earlier methods of instruction from the experienced workers were inefficient and created too much waste. These systems showed how Frank rationalized work methods, improved productivity and ensured efficiency by motivating and correctly training workers by transferring their skills. As Frank started to expand his interests, he looked for better ways to identify inefficient motions. Frank came up with the brilliant idea to use a camera to examine the motions of workers. He then would eliminate the waste based on the analysis. Frank and Lillian also filmed workers attached with small electrical lights; when their movement was slowest they would see a bunch of dots, while they would see sporadic dots when their movement was at a faster pace. The use of camera to observe the movements of workers seemed to be more useful and accurate than Taylor’s use of the stopwatch. As time went by, Frank and Lillian started to detach from Taylor’s methods. Lillian went on to focus her thoughts on â€Å"The Psychology of Management. She studied the effects that work has on humans and held that successful management was determined by the man, not the work. While Lillian tried to determine the most effective and efficient approach to management, she had to compare the three styles that were created: traditional, transitory and scientific. Traditional management created anxiety by relying on rewards and punishment to motivate workers and essentially there was no mutuality of interest between management and worker. Transitory management was the short term style that was incomplete and ill directed before scientific management emerged. Essentially, According to the authors of The Evolution of Management Thought, Lillian believed that scientific management was the best style because it â€Å"promoted regular work, encouraged good personal habits, and fostered the physical, mental, moral, and financial development of workers. (174) Lillian recognized the human factor in work which led her to pioneer human resource management. This creation of human resource management was a significant advance of the times that led industries to obtain the best workers for the positions at hand by the scientific selection, training and placement of the workers. Frederick Taylor, Henry Gantt and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth contributed greatly to the scientific management movement. Close examination of management and workers led to new concepts that improved work methods and incentives, motivated workers, eliminated motions, reduced fatigue and increased production. All of these factors allowed for industries to become more efficient than ever before. Managers gained the proper tools and knowledge that enabled them to train, select and place workers where they were best suited. These concepts that were put into practice in the late 1800’s are still widely used today in the workplace.

Roosevelt Teddy :: Essays Papers

Roosevelt Teddy He first tried the law profession by enrolling in Columbia University. He did not enjoy it and soon left school. He published his first book in 1882 it was entitled â€Å"The Naval War of 1812†. He had begun work on it while still at Harvard. Then Teddy decided that he would try a career in politics. His first position was on the state assembly in the state of New York. He ran as a republican and won the position easily. At this position he did two major things: first he exposed a corrupt judge and secondly he learned to work with men from both parties. Instead of going for a second term of legislature he decided that he would go to the Republican National Convention in Chicago. He went as the chairman for the New York delegation. While Roosevelt’s professional life was flourishing his personal life was not in very good shape. In 1884 both his wife and mother died. His wife died while giving birth to their daughter, Alice. Roosevelt would take a break from politics and form the Elkhorn ranch on the Little Missouri River in the Dakota Territory. On his ranch he led the life of a cowboy. He would round up cattle and ride horses all day. It was a good break for Roosevelt. One story tells of Roosevelt capturing three thieves and holding them at gun point for 6 days until they reached the proper authorities. Also during this time Roosevelt wrote 2 more books (Hunting Trips of a Ranch Man and Thomas Hart Benton) and fell in love with Edith Kermit Carow. On December 2, 1886 Roosevelt and Carow went to London to be married. When they returned to the United States Roosevelt set his mind back on politics. He was very active in the presidential campaign of 1888 when Benjamin Harrison defeated Grover Cleveland. Roosevelt believed in hiring government workers on their skills not based on their party affiliation. At the time the winner of the race would hire every one that had helped them win the race even if they were not qualified for the position. Harrison would award his efforts by appointing him the U.S. Civil Services Commissioner. As commissioner he would continue to challenge â€Å"patronage†. He did such a good job that when Cleveland beat Harrison for reelection he kept him as Civil Services Commissioner. In 1895 Roosevelt would return to New York City to

Nuclear Bomb

The invention of nuclear bomb has been one of the most significant events in the history of humanity. It not only changed the conduct of military warfare, but also completely transformed the geo-political equation by placing humanity’s level of control on its own future through coming in possession of such omni potent means that could wipe out every form of life from earth overnight. The memories of the atomic attack on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki have lived as a constant reminder of the supreme havoc that atomic bombs can inflict. These memories are reinforced further by the repeated instances of nuclear testing and research into the production of atomic weapons that are much more powerful and lethal in comparison of their predecessors. The pursuance of the research into atomic and nuclear weapons, or the weapons of mass destruction, has created a deep ideological and political divide in the world. On the one hand are people supporting nuclear weapons, arguing them as essential tools   to maintain prospects of global peace and also as means to ensure the safety of nations possessing them. While on the other side are people, who see nuclear weapons inherently as a threat to the survival of mankind and campaigning for a world without fear and apprehensions; for a world of the post nuclear age where the veil of the threat of an impending catastrophe is forever lifted over. This paper shall look into the debate on the nuclear policy and relevance of nuclear weapons as a medium to ensure global peace, while critically evaluating the arguments presented on both the sides. It shall also look into the prospects of a nuclear free world and the visions such world entails for humanity. Constructing a nuclear doctrine The debate on the feasibility and utility of nuclear weapons has raged since the day the first military use of nuclear weapons was reported on 6th August, 2006   (Katz, 1987). The standard argument of the advocates of nuclear doctrine have centered on the deterrent effect of the nuclear weapons against any potential attack or threat of aggression (Franklin, 1991). One of the most frequently cited example is that of role played by nuclear weapons in bringing a swift end to the Second World War, with minimum possible casualty in the process (Graham, 2005). They validly argue that without the strikes, Japan would have continued to fight till the last man down, taking up the number of casualties on both sides as well as war expenditures to enormous levels (Franklin, 1991). Since then, the nuclear doctrine has been religiously incorporated in the defense strategy of every major nation, with immense literature created to cite the absolutely necessity and inevitability of nuclear weapons as the only possibly way to ensure global peace and a war free world (Franklin, 1991). Post the end of the Cold War proponents of the nuclear policy have further argued the necessity of effective nuclear policy, especially in the view of the dangers posted by spilling of nuclear weapons in the hands of some of the non responsible nations (Graham, 2005). However, the doctrine of nuclear deterrence has been severely arraigned by the critics for its short comings and narrow visions that it take of subtlety of world geo-politics and the overly simplistic way in which it treats the question of deterrence and global peace (Gottemoeller, 2002 ). Nuclear policy and the race on building up nuclear arsenal have been criticized from ethical, moral, political, practical and strategic point of view over more than half a century, especially in the context of the modern history of humanity that has been torn apart by unimaginable horrors of wars and genocide in the 20th century (Muller, 2004). Thinkers, intellectuals and scientists and many military strategists have strongly argued for a nuclear free world, based on the strong premises that peace is impossible to achieve from those tools that have capacity to utterly destroy life (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002; Cortright, 1999). Their argument is persuasive to reason as it is ironical as a concept and theory to achieve peace by destruction. The only probable way by which nuclear weapons can bring peace is through complete annihilation of people, creating a world where no life would exists to conflict and compete. Even the history of the post nuclear world does not inspire any confidence in the effectiveness of nuclear weapons as a deterrent (Graham, 2005). In more than sixty years after the end of Second World War, innumerable conflicts and at least three wars of international proportion, involving nations equipped with nuclear power have belied the theory that nuclear weapons can act as any potential deterrent to wars (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002). It only creates a danger in escalation of threats of nuclear arm race, where nations without nuclear weapons are trying to possess these coveted means of mass destruction, to create a world of nuclear mutual self destruction (Franklin, 2002). It’s a fact that technology can not be limited as a prerogative to a limited number of nations, as the this dangerous technology spreads out, there are every possible chances that it can be utilized by at some point of time, by some irresponsible and unaccountable regime to create a havoc of unparalleled magnitude (Muller, 2004). The theory of nuclear deterrence also looses its credibility in the face of rise of terrorism as the new danger facing the new world (Graham, 2005). Nuclear deterrence did not act as any deterrent to the attack on the World Trade Centers in 2001, or in London bombing in 2006. On the contrary they create a new and infinitely more powerful threat where possible proliferation of nuclear weapons to terrorist groups can jeopardize the entire concept of national defense strategies of many nations. Conclusion Nuclear weapons can not act as means to achieve global peace. They are weapons of mass destruction, weapons that can kill hundred of thousands of people instantly, razing civilizations to dust, leaving behind death and a scarred earth that would be inhabitable for many generations. This trail of death can not be a harbinger of peace. Global peace can only be achieved by systematic end of nuclear arsenals, and strictly banning the research, testing and possession of nuclear weapons. Reference H. Bruce Franklin. 1991.The Nightmare Considered: Critical Essays on Nuclear War Literature.: Nancy Anisfield – editor. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Bowling Green, OH. Gottemoeller. Rose. 2002. Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Time for Control. Taina Susiluoto – editor. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. Place of Publication: Geneva. Milton S. Katz. 1987. Ban the Bomb: A History of SANE, the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. Praeger. New York. Richard R. Muller. 2004. Getting Mad: A Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice. Henry D. Sokolski – editor. Strategic Studies Institute. Carlisle Barracks, PA. Stephen J. Cimbala and Scouras, J.   2002. A New Nuclear Century: Strategic Stability and Arms Control. Praeger. Westport, CT. Thomas Graham Jr. 2005. Sixty Years After Hiroshima, A Nuclear Era. Current History. Research Library Core. David Cortright. 1999. Ban the Bomb. Sojourner. Humanities Module.   

HR Contributes at SYSCO

Many people in the United States are not familiar with SYSCO, but they see its results because SYSCO is the largest food services and distribution company with almost $24 billion in annual sales. SYSCO supplies food products to customers in restaurants, hotels, supermarkets, hospitals, and other companies. In a firm the size of SYSCO with more than 40,000 employees, HR management is making significant contributions to organizational success. As an indication of this success, SYSCO received the Optimas award for general HR Excellence from Workforce Magazine. Beginning several years ago, the need to revitalize HR activities was recognized by both executives and senior HR staff members. At the time, the SYSCO operating regions had administered many of their own HR practices. To bring change to HR corporate-wide, while preserving the entrepreneurial independence of the regions, a â€Å"market-driven† HR approach was developed. In this approach, corporate HR identified ways it could assist regional operations, and then developed programs and services that met regional needs. However, unlike in many other corporations where corporate HR programs would be â€Å"mandated† to operating units, SYSCO took a different approach. Key to market-driven HR is that managers in the regional operations must be convinced to â€Å"buy† the corporate HR services. For example, if a supervisory training program is developed by corporate HR, regional managers decide if they want to use the program for supervisory training in their regions. Another part of creating HR as market driven was the establishment by corporate HR of a Virtual Resource Center (VRC) to provide services to managers and employees. A key aspect of the VRC is use of HR technology to gather extensive data on HR activities and provide that data to operating managers. One source of data is workplace climate surveys of employees. Using the survey data, HR developed initiatives to increase safety, which reduced workers’ compensation claims by 30%, resulting in savings of $10 million per year. Another problem that SYSCO had was high turnover rates of night shift warehouse workers. Recruiting these workers has been a constant challenge for SYSCO and other distribution firms. By implementing a variety of programs and services, based on employee and managerial input from surveys, the retention rate for these warehouse employees has been increased by 20%, resulting in savings of $15 million per year. These savings are due to reduced time and money spent recruiting, selecting, and training new employees. Also, employees with more experience are more productive and more knowledgeable about SYSCO operations and products. Another area where HR has contributed is with truck and delivery drivers. Data gathered through the VRC has been used to revise base pay and incentive programs, increase driver retention rates, and improve driver safety records. Additionally, customer satisfaction rates increased and delivery expenses declined. All of these changes illustrate that HR efforts at SYSCO have been paying off for the company, managers, and employees. But as the value of HR efforts is recognized by more managers, HR’s role at SYSCO is likely to continue growing and changing.

Analysis of thе Main Charactеrs in Cranе’s “Thе Bluе Hotеl”

Analysis of thÐ µ Main CharactÐ µrs in CranÐ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"ThÐ µ BluÐ µ HotÐ µl† Analysis of thÐ µ Main CharactÐ µrs in CranÐ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"ThÐ µ BluÐ µ HotÐ µl† StÐ µphÐ µn CranÐ µs ThÐ µ bluÐ µ HotÐ µl and Jack Londons To Build a FirÐ µ arÐ µ thÐ µ truly amazing works of classic that shÐ µd light on thÐ µ rÐ µlationships bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn mÐ µn and naturÐ µ. In A BluÐ µ HotÐ µl, thÐ µ compÐ µtitivÐ µ battlÐ µ takÐ µs placÐ µ within thÐ µ man himsÐ µlf; thÐ µ man battlÐ µs anothÐ µr man within thÐ µ limits of his own sÐ µlf. In To Build a FirÐ µ, thÐ µ strugglÐ µ appÐ µars to bÐ µ bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn a man and naturÐ µ. Both of thÐ µsÐ µ works arÐ µ thoughtful and analytical, focusing on thÐ µ innÐ µr Ð µmotions and pÐ µrsonal fight. This papÐ µr critically analyzÐ µs thÐ µ main charactÐ µrs in CranÐ µs ThÐ µ BluÐ µ HotÐ µl and Londons To Build a FirÐ µ, comparing and contrasting thÐ µ SwÐ µdÐ µ in CranÐ µs work to thÐ µ man in Londons story. To Build a FirÐ µ may bÐ µ rÐ µgardÐ µd as London's Ð µxprÐ µssion of his pÐ µssimism ThÐ µ namÐ µlÐ µss chÐ µchaquo or tÐ µndÐ µrfoot confronts thÐ µ whitÐ µ silÐ µncÐ µ in this short story. HÐ µ possÐ µssÐ µs nÐ µithÐ µr thÐ µ imagination nor thÐ µ rÐ µasoning that convincÐ µs man of thÐ µ absurdity of confronting thÐ µ unknown with ridiculously finitÐ µ human powÐ µrs: ThÐ µ troublÐ µ with him was that hÐ µ was without imagination. HÐ µ was quick and alÐ µrt in thÐ µ things of lifÐ µ, but only in thÐ µ things, and not in thÐ µ significancÐ µs. Fifty dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µs bÐ µlow zÐ µro mÐ µant Ð µight-odd dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µs of frost. Such fact imprÐ µssÐ µd him as bÐ µing cold and uncomfortablÐ µ, and that was all (London 65). HÐ µ doÐ µs not rÐ µcognizÐ µ that man is so finitÐ µ that thÐ µ bittÐ µrly cold Alaskan landscapÐ µ inÐ µvitably dÐ µstroys thÐ µ individual. ThÐ µ rÐ µst of thÐ µ story suggÐ µsts that man is totally unprÐ µparÐ µd to facÐ µ thÐ µ unknown and too limitÐ µd to Ð µxplorÐ µ lifÐ µ's mystÐ µriÐ µs and livÐ µ. If thÐ µ individual is to survivÐ µ, hÐ µ must avoid truth sÐ µÃ µking, thÐ µ author suggÐ µsts (Baym 1743). Only two othÐ µr living bÐ µings arÐ µ mÐ µntionÐ µd in To Build a FirÐ µ: thÐ µ old timÐ µr and thÐ µ dog who accompaniÐ µs thÐ µ tÐ µndÐ µrfoot along thÐ µ hair-linÐ µ trail into thÐ µ unbrokÐ µn whitÐ µ of thÐ µ mystÐ µrious land (64). ThÐ µ old timÐ µr offÐ µrs onÐ µ way to survivÐ µ, and as it turns out, thÐ µ only way. In thÐ µ autumn bÐ µforÐ µ thÐ µ young man takÐ µs his fatal journÐ µy, thÐ µ old timÐ µr had bÐ µÃ µn vÐ µry sÐ µrious in laying down thÐ µ law that no man must travÐ µl alonÐ µ in thÐ µ KlondikÐ µ aftÐ µr fifty bÐ µlow (80). His Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ has givÐ µn him thÐ µ imagination to continuÐ µ living; but, significantly, hÐ µ adjusts to thÐ µ unknown by rÐ µfusing to vÐ µnturÐ µ into it. HÐ µ rÐ µmains with othÐ µr mÐ µn, away from thÐ µ trail during thÐ µ hÐ µart of wintÐ µr. ThÐ µ lÐ µsson hÐ µ attÐ µmpts to tÐ µach thÐ µ young wandÐ µrÐ µr is that if onÐ µ hopÐ µs to survivÐ µ, hÐ µ must rÐ µtrÐ µat from a solitary confrontation with cosmic powÐ µr, thÐ µ full forcÐ µ of thÐ µ blow dÐ µlivÐ µrÐ µd by thÐ µ cold of spacÐ µ at thÐ µ unprotÐ µctÐ µd tip of thÐ µ planÐ µt (80) (Baym 1747). ThÐ µ kind of accommodation thÐ µ Kid makÐ µs, practicing thÐ µ codÐ µ in ordÐ µr to adjust, is impossiblÐ µ ThÐ µ dog, howÐ µvÐ µr, accompaniÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µcklÐ µss young man into thÐ µ cold and doÐ µs survivÐ µ. Instinct protÐ µcts him. NÐ µvÐ µrthÐ µlÐ µss, instinct givÐ µs no comfort to man, sincÐ µ it is unavailablÐ µ to him. ThÐ µ dog has inhÐ µritÐ µd thÐ µ knowlÐ µdgÐ µ from his savagÐ µ ancÐ µstors who, likÐ µ hÐ µ, had nÐ µvÐ µr bÐ µÃ µn sÐ µparatÐ µd from thÐ µ brutal landscapÐ µ by civilization. In fact, thÐ µ dog is part of thÐ µ inhuman Alaskan wildÐ µrnÐ µss and, likÐ µ it, was not concÐ µrnÐ µd in thÐ µ wÐ µlfarÐ µ of thÐ µ man (77). ThÐ µ old timÐ µr's imagination, thÐ µn, warns that man cannot confront thÐ µ dÐ µpths of Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ and livÐ µ; thÐ µ dog's instinct for survival is unavailablÐ µ to man (Baym 1748-9). Having bÐ µÃ µn sÐ µparatÐ µd from naturÐ µ by civilization, no man is fit to undÐ µrtakÐ µ thÐ µ most arduous journÐ µy. In addition to imagination, thÐ µ quality that pÐ µrmittÐ µd thÐ µ MalÐ µmutÐ µ kid and othÐ µr protagonists to survivÐ µ in thÐ µ Northland had bÐ µÃ µn thÐ µir knowlÐ µdgÐ µ of thÐ µ concrÐ µtÐ µ and thÐ µir mastÐ µry of facts. Suspicious of abstractions, London had givÐ µn his charactÐ µrs control ovÐ µr thÐ µ rÐ µalistic. ThÐ µ Kid is ablÐ µ to mastÐ µr situations bÐ µcausÐ µ hÐ µ knows Northland lorÐ µ, knows facts and can ordÐ µr thÐ µm rationally. ThÐ µ chÐ µchaquo in this story has a command of facts and is quick and alÐ µrt in thÐ µ things of lifÐ µ (65). It sÐ µÃ µms that thÐ µ powÐ µr of rÐ µason has collapsÐ µd. London has Ð µvÐ µn lost his faith in facts: symbolically, thÐ µ man falls through thÐ µ snow into thÐ µ watÐ µr, thÐ µ accidÐ µnt which bÐ µgins his dÐ µspÐ µratÐ µ strugglÐ µ to livÐ µ, bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ no signs indicating whÐ µrÐ µ thÐ µ snow is soft (Baym 1750). Similarly to Londons To Build a FirÐ µ, ThÐ µ BluÐ µ HotÐ µl has bÐ µÃ µn namÐ µd onÐ µ of thÐ µ StÐ µphÐ µn CranÐ µs bÐ µst storiÐ µs. It is possiblÐ µ to sÐ µÃ µ that thÐ µ following onÐ µs dÐ µstiny is thÐ µ talÐ µs cÐ µntral thÐ µmÐ µ. CranÐ µ shows that against a univÐ µrsÐ µ which in its indiffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ sÐ µÃ µms hostilÐ µ and malÐ µvolÐ µnt, man can only maintain ordÐ µr and mÐ µaning in his lifÐ µ if hÐ µ rÐ µcognizÐ µs and fulfills his rÐ µsponsibility as a link in thÐ µ magnÐ µtic chain of humanity (Baym 1722). It is possiblÐ µ to suggÐ µst that ThÐ µ BluÐ µ HotÐ µl shows that pÐ µoplÐ µ havÐ µ littlÐ µ (if any) control ovÐ µr thÐ µir dÐ µstiniÐ µs whÐ µn thÐ µy dÐ µal with othÐ µr human bÐ µings. ThÐ µ famous spÐ µÃ µch of thÐ µ ЕastÐ µrnÐ µr nÐ µar thÐ µ Ð µnd of thÐ µ story rÐ µvÐ µals thÐ µ folliÐ µs of a man who, nÐ µvÐ µrthÐ µlÐ µss, bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µs in his dÐ µstiny. WÐ µ arÐ µ all in it! This poor gamblÐ µr isn't Ð µvÐ µn a noun. HÐ µ is a kind of advÐ µrb ЕvÐ µry sin is thÐ µ rÐ µsult of a collaboration. WÐ µ, fivÐ µ of us, havÐ µ collaboratÐ µd in thÐ µ murdÐ µr of this SwÐ µdÐ µ. Usually thÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ from a dozÐ µn to forty womÐ µn rÐ µally involvÐ µd in Ð µvÐ µry murdÐ µr, but in this casÐ µ it sÐ µÃ µms to bÐ µ only fivÐ µ mÐ µnyou, I, JohnniÐ µ, old Scully; and that fool of an unfortunatÐ µ gamblÐ µr camÐ µ mÐ µrÐ µly as a culmination, thÐ µ apÐ µx of a human movÐ µmÐ µnt and gÐ µts all thÐ µ punishmÐ µnt (Qtd in Baym 1738). ThÐ µ analogy comparing thÐ µ gamblÐ µr to a part of a grammar structurÐ µ, and to a modifying word, suggÐ µsts that thÐ µ gamblÐ µr had littlÐ µ control ovÐ µr his fatÐ µ and thÐ µ SwÐ µdÐ µ. As an advÐ µrb hÐ µ is mÐ µaninglÐ µss until hÐ µ bÐ µcomÐ µs attachÐ µd to somÐ µ vÐ µrb, adjÐ µctivÐ µ, or othÐ µr advÐ µrb which will allow him a function. It is quitÐ µ clÐ µar in rÐ µtrospÐ µct that had thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnts occurring at thÐ µ hotÐ µl happÐ µnÐ µd diffÐ µrÐ µntly, thÐ µn thÐ µ gamblÐ µr most likÐ µly would not havÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn intimidatÐ µd by thÐ µ SwÐ µdÐ µ and would not havÐ µ killÐ µd him. ThÐ µ gamblÐ µr had absolutÐ µly no control ovÐ µr what happÐ µnÐ µd at thÐ µ hotÐ µl and in this sÐ µnsÐ µ camÐ µ mÐ µrÐ µly as a culmination, thÐ µ apÐ µx of a human movÐ µmÐ µnt and got all thÐ µ punishmÐ µnt (Baym 1730). SwÐ µdÐ µ diÐ µs bÐ µcausÐ µ of his limitÐ µd and impÐ µrfÐ µct knowlÐ µdgÐ µ. Had hà  µ chosÐ µn to grab any man at thÐ µ tablÐ µ but thÐ µ gamblÐ µr, hÐ µ probably would not havÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn murdÐ µrÐ µd. But what happÐ µns if onÐ µ looks at that last sÐ µction from thÐ µ point of viÐ µw of onÐ µ who would sÐ µÃ µ thÐ µ mÐ µaning of thÐ µ talÐ µ as primarily involving thÐ µ brothÐ µrhood of man thÐ µmÐ µ? First of all it is quitÐ µ obvious that rÐ µgardlÐ µss of CranÐ µ's intÐ µntions thÐ µ ЕastÐ µrnÐ µr intÐ µnds to say that all mÐ µn sharÐ µ thÐ µ burdÐ µn of rÐ µsponsibility for Ð µvil, that facÐ µd by a univÐ µrsÐ µ which has no rÐ µgard for him, man must rÐ µcognizÐ µ thÐ µ nÐ µcÐ µssity of his involvÐ µmÐ µnt with othÐ µr mÐ µn. SÐ µÃ µn from this point, thÐ µ ЕastÐ µrnÐ µr's statÐ µmÐ µnt, ThÐ µ SwÐ µdÐ µ might not havÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn killÐ µd if Ð µvÐ µrything had bÐ µÃ µn squarÐ µ, impliÐ µs thÐ µ possibility of thÐ µ action turning out diffÐ µrÐ µntly from thÐ µ way it did. WhÐ µn thÐ µ ЕastÐ µrnÐ µr furthÐ µr says, JohnniÐ µ was chÐ µating. I saw him .... And I rÐ µfusÐ µd to stand up and bÐ µ a man. I lÐ µt thÐ µ SwÐ µdÐ µ fight it out alonÐ µ, hÐ µ mÐ µans to indicatÐ µ rÐ µsponsibility, to point out thÐ µ guilty. It is also quitÐ µ clÐ µar hÐ µrÐ µ that thÐ µ cowboy, whosÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ and sÐ µnsibilitiÐ µs arÐ µ quitÐ µ limitÐ µd, is intÐ µndÐ µd to prÐ µsÐ µnt thÐ µ lÐ µss satisfactory point of viÐ µw toward thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnts prÐ µcÐ µding thÐ µ last scÐ µnÐ µ. HÐ µ fails complÐ µtÐ µly to comprÐ µhÐ µnd thÐ µ mÐ µaning of thÐ µ ЕastÐ µrnÐ µr's statÐ µmÐ µnt about thÐ µ complicity of thÐ µ fivÐ µ mÐ µn in thÐ µ murdÐ µr of thÐ µ SwÐ µdÐ µ. WÐ µll, I didn't do anythin', did I? hÐ µ asks naivÐ µly. It sÐ µÃ µms clÐ µar Ð µnough that thÐ µ answÐ µr to thÐ µ cowboy's quÐ µstion would bÐ µ a rÐ µstatÐ µmÐ µnt of what thÐ µ ЕastÐ µrnÐ µr has said alrÐ µady, that mÐ µn havÐ µ rÐ µsponsibility toward Ð µach othÐ µr; hÐ µncÐ µ thÐ µ thÐ µmÐ µ of thÐ µ brothÐ µrhood of man. It is possiblÐ µ to concludÐ µ that both To build a FirÐ µ and ThÐ µ BluÐ µ HotÐ µl show mÐ µn who do not control thÐ µir dÐ µstiniÐ µs and havÐ µ littlÐ µ choicÐ µs in thÐ µir livÐ µs. CranÐ µ shows that thÐ µ murdÐ µr was inÐ µvitablÐ µ undÐ µr thosÐ µ circumstancÐ µs. In thÐ µ samÐ µ mannÐ µr that thÐ µ author portrays that thÐ µ SwÐ µdÐ µ's dÐ µath occurs out of nÐ µcÐ µssity, Jack London illustratÐ µs that man can do littlÐ µ to fight thÐ µ naturÐ µ. Both of thÐ µ storiÐ µs arÐ µ rathÐ µr pÐ µssimistic, focusing on thÐ µ mÐ µns failurÐ µs and disastÐ µrs. YÐ µt, thÐ µ authors givÐ µ Ð µvÐ µry rÐ µadÐ µr a frÐ µÃ µdom to dÐ µvÐ µlop his or hÐ µr own intÐ µrprÐ µtation of thÐ µ storylinÐ µs: Ð µvÐ µrything is possiblÐ µ.

Purpose of Urban Greenbelts

Purpose of Urban Greenbelts The term â€Å"greenbelt† refers to any area of undeveloped natural land that has been set aside near urban or developed land to provide open space, offer light recreational opportunities, or contain development. And, yes, the natural greenbelts along areas of Southeast Asia’s coastlines, including the region’s mangrove forests, served as buffers and helped to prevent even greater loss of life from the December 2004 tsunami. The Importance of Greenbelts in Urban Areas Greenbelts in and around urban areas have probably not saved any lives, but they are important nonetheless to the ecological health of any given region. The various plants and trees in greenbelts serve as organic sponges for various forms of pollution, and as storehouses of ​carbon dioxide to help offset global climate change. â€Å"Trees are an important part of the city infrastructure,† says Gary Moll of American Forests. Because of the many benefits trees provide to cities, Moll likes to refer to them as the â€Å"ultimate urban multi-taskers.† Urban Greenbelts Provide Links to Nature Greenbelts are also important to help urban dwellers feel more connected to nature. Dr. S.C. Sharma of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in India believes that all cities should â€Å"earmark certain areas for the development of greenbelts [to] bring life and color to the concrete jungle and [a] healthy environment to the urbanites.† While urban living may hold important advantages over rural living, feeling disconnected from nature is a serious drawback of city life. Greenbelts Help to Limit Urban Sprawl Greenbelts are also important in efforts to limit sprawl, which is the tendency for cities to spread out and encroach on rural lands and wildlife habitat. Three U.S. states- Oregon, Washington,  and Tennessee- require their largest cities to establish so-called â€Å"urban growth boundaries† to limit sprawl through the establishment of planned greenbelts. Meanwhile, the cities of Minneapolis, Virginia Beach, Miami,  and Anchorage have created urban growth boundaries on their own. In California’s Bay Area, the nonprofit Greenbelt Alliance has successfully lobbied for the establishment of 21 urban growth boundaries across four counties surrounding the city of San Francisco. Greenbelts Around the World The concept has also caught on in Canada, with the cities of Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver adopting similar mandates for the creation of greenbelts to improve land use. Urban greenbelts can also be found in and around larger cities in Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Are Greenbelts Essential to World Peace? The greenbelt concept has even spread to rural areas, such as those in East Africa. Womens’ rights and environmental activist Wangari Maathai launched the Green Belt Movement in Kenya in 1977 as a grassroots tree-planting program to address the challenges of deforestation, soil erosion and lack of water in her home country. To date, her organization has overseen the planting of 40 million trees across Africa. In 2004, Maathai was the first environmentalist to be awarded the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize. Why peace? â€Å"There can be no peace without equitable development, and there can be no development without sustainable management of the environment in a democratic and peaceful space,† said Maathai in her Nobel acceptance speech. EarthTalk is a regular feature of E/The Environmental Magazine. Selected EarthTalk columns are reprinted on About Environmental Issues by permission of the editors of E. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

The Art of Islamic Book--Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Art of Islamic Book--Research Paper - Essay Example In his analysis on Bihzad’s art, he has elaborated on several approaches in solving the authenticity issue in the process. Where an artist might be understood to subsist in the painting, examining whether or not the concept of authorship established post-Renaissance European painting – derived from Vasari’s concept of mamera (hand), and still very much present in the methods used to study Persianate paintings – does indeed obtain to the Persianate painting tradition. Moreover, by exposing the tensions that exist between modern and pre-modern conceptions of authorship, is it possible to come closer to a mid-sixteenth century notion of the painter’s agency? (121) We underscore the importance to identify Bihzad and his contribution to Persianate artistic history. This will enlighten us on the structure of Roxburgh’s arguments as well as his analyses. As it is, there is a fair number of literature written about him and his work. Roxburgh, himself, talked about this stressing that â€Å"contemporary and later writers are unanimous in their praise of Bihzad, the Mughal ruler Babor’s slight and curiously specific criticism being by far the exception rather than the rule. Bihzad, in Armenian Sakisian’s words, â€Å"a rhetorical figure of comparison†¦ Because Bihzad has garnered copious encomia, his contribution to the Persianate art tradition recognized again and again, the artist’s life and work seem tantalizingly within reach, unlike so many artists who were only given passing notice.† (Roxburgh, 119) Bihzad is important in the history of Persianate art because scholars place him to be at par with the European masters. As Roxburgh commented, â€Å"comparisons between Bihzad and European artists were positively de rigueur. Some scholars who wrote extensively about Bihzad in relation to the European masters such as Memling, Holbein and Raphael include F.R. Martin, Ali Ahmad Naimi, among

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Response - Essay Example However, a society can be racist even if only a very small number (or even none!) of its members hold racist beliefs. Racism in a society gets often influenced by ignorance, legal system, family settings, economic scramble, among other factors. When a society where by a small number of its members exists, there stands a danger of infection of the small group to infect the larger non racist group. The racist group of people may also bring up their children under the racism grounds hence transmitting the social problem to their generations to come. If the racist group practices racism against their no racist counterparts, they may induce or stimulate counter racism in return. This may worsen or amplify the racism situation in the society (Shah). On the other hand, in a situation where no racist individuals exist in a society (which many scholars believe is hard), new emergences may arise due to various reasons. The first and the most obvious are the emergence of new racist members in the society. In his article, Shar argues that social settings are dynamic and liable to continuous change forever (Shah). These changes get influenced by the arrival of new members as one of the factors. The devastating thing is that this ethical society cannot stop people from coming to their society. Social grouping of one or particular group without considering racial participation equality may induce racism. Starting up a social group of a particular race may not even start up racism believes among them toward other races, but also induce the same believes among the other group that stands not included in this racial group (Shah). Therefore, a careful consideration should be taken when making social groups, institutions and employment to make sure that racial equality stands fair. Some government policies may also be effective in curbing racism while others promote it. The old Immigration Law in the US and apartheid system in South Africa, have promoted

The Foils of Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Foils of Hamlet - Essay Example He has every reason to be mad, since the new King Claudius and now husband to Queen Gertrude happens to be his own brother. The new King Claudius has issues too: He has to contend with a potential war from Norway’s Prince Fortinbras and his nephew and new stepson is being a little bit of nuisance, mostly because he cannot get the fact over that his mother (Gertrude) could not wait even for the dust to settle before marrying the new King. Hamlet’s bud Horatio informs him about the ghost and thus arranges a meeting. The ghost spills it all; that it is his late father’s spirit, proving that it is Claudius who murdered his father by pouring poison in his ear while Hamlet Senior was sleeping in his garden and then orders his son to take revenge. The show is now on and Hamlet’s master plan involves acting like a madman or a clown and the next time we catch a glimpse of Prince Hamlet, his girlfriend, Ophelia claims that he has gone nuts. Polonius notifies the Kin g of this new development and they decide to spy on the youngsters to ascertain if indeed Ophelia is the source of Hamlet’s â€Å"craziness†. At the same time a reprieve comes from Danish ambassadors from Norway with the news that there isn’t going to be any war, after all. ... This is a plan of Hamlet to watch Claudius’s reaction to ascertain if really the ghost is telling the truth. Hamlet’s plan is rolling out very well and he delivers the big â€Å"to be or not to be† speech about suicide. Instead he gets all creepy and gross with Ophelia before watching Claudius get up and shout that he is guilty. Hamlet plots to murder him, but then he doesn’t, he instead ends up accidentally killing Polonius who is his girlfriend’s (Ophelia’s) dad. Claudius gets angry with Hamlet and sends him off to England in front of his mother. However on the way, Hamlet sees Prince Fortinbras of Norway marching across the land to reclaim some lost territories. This inspires him to head back to Denmark to murder his uncle Claudius. Back in Denmark and in the castle, Ophelia has cracked and her brother Laertes is meanwhile very bitter with Hamlet for killing their dad and the current state of his sister. So Claudius persuades him to stage a friendly duel and kill Hamlet by using a sharpened rather than a blunt sword, with of course some poison as backup. Before we realize it, Ophelia is dead, most probably by suicide which means that she doesn’t even get a decent send off. Big scene is created between Hamlet and Laertes when Hamlet randomly stumbles upon this burial and the Hamlet gets Horatio to hasten up on his return: on the boat to England, Hamlet however opened the letter that his companions Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were carrying and found the plot to have him killed. Obviously, Hamlet changed the letter to say â€Å"Please kill Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, thanks,† and escaped on a pirated ship back to his Kingdom. On the last scene, as Hamlet engage

The Analysis Of Bcg Matrix Marketing Essay

The Analysis Of Bcg Matrix Marketing Essay In business, there are times when an organization needs to expand or change the market or field. There are tons of ideas about things one could do. However, it is hard to determine which idea will be the best. Therefore, strategic marketing planning tools will be important and beneficial, such as BCG matrix, Ansoff Matrix or Porter 5 forces and so forth, to help one to evaluate the options and decide on the one that suits the organization and situation best. As a result, it gives the best return on the considerable investment that an organization will need to make. Strategic marketing management involves the process of deciding the marketing strategy to follow and to ensure it is followed correctly, in order to compete against its rivals successfully. In an attempt to assist strategic marketing process, a number of different strategic marketing planning tools have been created. Igor Ansoff, Michael Porter and the Boston Consulting Group have the best known models in the field of business. Strategies are developed according to the objectives within an organization. The establishment of the objectives will normally produce a difference between what had been achieved and what target needs to be met. The uses of strategies are to illustrate how this gap is going to be solved, and objectives met. Strategic Management is a systematic approach to the major and increasingly important responsibility of general management to position and relate the firm to its environment in a way which will assure its continued success and make it secure from surprises( Ansoff, 1990). This paper, it will focus on the BCG Matrix, which is one of the models like PESTEL, SWOT, Ansoff matrix, Gap analysis, GE matrix and Porter 5 forces. It is often used to assess the profits of business or resource allocation and divestment decisions by the marketers. The content of this report will explain and analyse the application of BCG Matrix with some examples. Some of the other analytical tools will also be mentioned in this work. Analysis of BCG matrix BCG Matrix is developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the year of 1968 (BCG, 2012). It is one of the Portfolio analyses. It is used to determine high or low performers of businesses or products depending upon their market growth rate and relative market share. The idea behind this Matrix is that the higher the market share or a better market grows of the product, it is better for the organization. There are four categories in BCG Matrix, which are Stars, Cash cow, Question mark and Dogs (Philip.K, et al., 2008). Furthermore, horizontal axis is given for relative market share position and vertical axis for industry growth rate (Philip.K, et al., 2008). Planners are to classify their products or businesses into the four categories according to their position on the matrix. It provides a framework for analysis and comparison of products or businesses for multinational companies with diverse products. The advantages of using BCG Matrix are to have the ability to pr ioritise a business or product portfolio; it is to know what products are doing well and what are not performing. It provides a useful insight into the potential opportunities and problems associated with a particular product. It is often a convenient graphical form that is easily understood by the staffs who are the decision makers. Taking Nestle company (table 1.0) as an example, prepared dishes and cooking aids, PetCare and confectionery would be classed as Cash cow, beverage products would be a star, whereas pharmaceutical products as Question mark. Water products would most likely to be classed as a Dog. The BCG matrix is linked to the Product life cycle. Introduction, growth, maturity and decline, it represents Question marks, Stars, Cash cows and dogs in the BCG matrix respectively. Referring back to the table 1.0, it shows that PetCare and Confectionery products are at the late maturity period in the Product life cycle. Therefore, Nestle must come out with new and better ide as, in order to prevent or slow down the product from further decline in sales, or perhaps becoming a Dog. However, it is expected that different product will have different life cycle. Therefore, some stars with short life cycle will be better to harvest rather than to commit further investment (Graeme. D and John. E, 2007). In a multinational company, it is essential for its products to have high and low growth rate, such as stars to assure future of the company, cash cows that supply money for further growth and converting questions marks into stars, it is because a balanced product portfolio will maximise organisation revenue. As mentioned by Bruce Henderson Only a diversified company with a balanced portfolio can use its strengths to truly capitalize on growth opportunities(BCG.P, 2010). The benefits of high growth products include high return at the cost of wide ranging resource to market. For low growth rate products, its benefits are customers familiarity with the product, t hus, lesser cost for marketing and a constant source of revenue. With the help of BCG matrix, it can be identified how organization cash resources can be used to maximize a companys future growth and profitability. It provides the criteria for determining which products or business one should invest in, hold, harvest or divest. However, the BCG matrix is only useful to a certain extent, and its limitation makes it increasingly less accurate. The BCG matrix was created in 1970s; therefore, it is expected to be less accurate in the current society especially during periodic recession (Blythe, 2006). The situation in the current business market is much more complicated than before. Abell and Hammond recommended that it should add two more practical strategies, Freeze and Cut into the Matrix (Abell, et al., 1979). Freeze basically stopping all investment and do not plan new ones during a recession or crisis, and cut means that cutting services by reducing some activities. The model of BCG matrix discouraged organizations to invest in businesses with a less than 10% growth rate in a year. During the hard time, many companies will not have a growth of 10%.Thus, it is not accurate to rely on BCG matrix during an economic downturn; it might create confusion in the companys direction. The connection between market share and profitability is arguable because sometimes low share businesses can be profitable too and vice versa (Babette Craig, 2012). As mention by experts, the markets are difficult to determine with a huge amount of overlaps and complex segmentation (Macmillan. H, 2000). There are many portfolios in real businesses consist of a high percentage of dog businesses and few star businesses (Macmillan. H, 2000). Thus, portfolio analysis is criticized for offering little help in these circumstances. Growth rate and market share are only one aspect of industry attractiveness and overall competitive position respectively. The market definition and measurement are not perfect as there are some problems faced (Wensley. R, 1981). H ence, poor definition of business market might lead to some misclassification, such as dogs, become cash cows. Moreover, the matrix mainly focus on the investment in current products of a company, thus, it might neglect alternative investment such as setting new product lines or investing in new technology which could be better than investing in current products or services. The matrix also ignores the potential competitive responses. When an organization tried to build their market shares and support growth, it is likely to get responses from the competitors as retaliation (Blythe, 2006). Furthermore, it is too simplistic and general just to use high and low to form four categories, which lead to a low accuracy analysis. In addition, the matrix is based on cash revenue, whereby profit should be a better phrase to use as it means the financial gain after all the deduction of expense from the revenue. General electric (GE) matrix developed by Mckinsey is a similar matrix that overcom es some of the disadvantage of BCG matrix. It uses market attractiveness instead of market growth rate which included a broader range of factors compare to growth rate. It also replaced market share into competitive strength which assessed each SBU with competitive positioning (Kozami,2002). However, this paper will not go into the details of GE matrix due to the words constraint. With the obvious limitations of BCG Matrix, it is not recommended to use the matrix alone. It is an portfolio analysis tools which focus on the internal of an organization, thus, it is always best to use with external analysis tools such as SWOT. SWOT will look at matters like the strength and weakness of the company, and the opportunities and threats that might occur. It is used to measure the degree of strategic fit between the organization and its environment. As a combination with BCG matrix, BCG matrix will focus on the internal factors and SWOT will be focusing on the external factors, therefore, the O T of SWOT will be mainly suggest to use alongside with BCG matrix. For example, with the O T, the organization can recognise the opportunities and threats in Nestle such as an increase in health conscious society (PRweb, 2012) provide a huge opportunity for Nestle to produce more health care products and raw ingredient prices for chocolate production are increasing will affect the profit margin as threat (Christopher, 2011). If only BCG matrix is used, the planners will miss the external factors like the society or raw materials pricing which might cause problems to the organization. According to experts, it mentioned that a mixture of two or more analysis tools is recommended for a holistic view of strategic scenario (Wind, et al, 1983). Therefore, it is essential for an organization to capture the internal and external factors to strengthen the company. Conclusion This paper focused on the analysis of BCG matrix, it evaluated the usefulness and weakness of the model. Recommendations also had been advised for further enhancement of the usefulness of the model. Although BCG Matrix has a number of limitations, it is still one of the most popular portfolio planning tools used by big companies with diverse products. It can measure the growth rate and relative market share of each sector in a table form. The table shows a clear understanding on how an organization is performing. With a simple and clear understanding, the company can develop strategies to deal with the sectors, and achieve the organizations aimed goals and objectives. It is also useful for small businesses to survey the companys market share and growth, in relation to relative market to see how products are performing. Lastly, BCG Matrix is not a tool to replace management decision or vision. It is a tool to help managers or planners to evaluate their strategy alternatives together w ith other analysis tools, such as SWOT. 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