Psycho A Review Essays

Psycho A Review Essays Psycho A Review Paper Psycho A Review Paper The novel by Robert Bloch adapted into Alfred Hitchcocks benchmark thriller with Anthony Perkins and Janet Leigh. It portrays the story of Marion (Leigh) crane as she drives across the states, with 40,000 dollars she stole from her boss, to her lover Sam. Before she can get there the twisted Norman Bates (Perkins) murders her. When there is no word from her, her boss hires a private detective to tack her down, after a tiring search the detective Milton Arbogast comes across the Bates motel and discovers that Marion has been there. After lingering for a while Arbogast decides to search the motel and the mansion behind it, as he enters the house he climbs the stairs only to be murdered as well. After Arbogast fails to return Sam (the lover) and Lila (the sister) become suspicious that he has either stolen the money or has disappeared under the same circumstances as Marion. The pair decides to pay a visit to the motel. Sam distracts the nervous Bates as Lila goes in search of mother Bates only to discover she is a stuffed body being held in the cellar of the mansion; Norman then bursts in followed by Sam, Bates is dresses in his mothers clothes, after being subdued he is arrested and taken to a psychiatrist where he is diagnosed as having a split personality as his mother and himself. The final shot is the cars of his victims being dragged from a swamp behind the motel. Hitchcock surprises the audience in several ways: Firstly he kills of Marion the main character leaving us with no one to empathise with; we are however quickly turned to start to empathise with Norman as he apparently is left with the burden of his sick mother. Finally we empathise with Sam and Lila as it his lover and her sister that has disappeared. Hitchcock uses a lot of techniques to build up the atmosphere of particular scenes such as the use of shadows and light and dark. When Norman has the parlour scene conversation with Marion she is bathed in light whereas half of Bates face is in light and half is in dark to show the split personality, however in later scenes we see him in pure white light as he is portrayed as the innocent son. There are a lot of scenes where he is half and half in light and dark. When the dead mother is discovered Lila hits a hanging light that causes shadows to move across the face almost making it look like the eyes are moving. Hitchcock makes the sense of a trap by always having his characters moving around cautiously of very fast and aware of their surroundings like in the parlour scene Janet Leigh allways has her eyes surveying the area, Bates and all his stuffed birds that signify the mother having power over him as the birds are in a towering position. The camera movements he uses are also very clever because in the shower scene when the water goes down the plug the camera rotates clockwise and then we have an extreme close up of Marions eye and the camera goes out spiralling anti-clockwise. It also dwells on her body for a while to really bring to life that our main character is gone. He manipulates the audiences viewpoint by giving people the first person view like when she is driving the car we have a third person shot. In the shower scene we have a first person view, she looks up to the showerhead and is washing away her sins so to speak because she looks so happy about it. The sound effects and music he uses are also very fitting, Hitchcock asked Bernard Herman to compose it entirely with a string orchestra to give a more shrill striking effect when the murder takes place. In some scenes however there is no music like when she is confronted by the policeman and in the parlour scene prior to the shower scene. Anthony Perkins portrays Norman Bates perfectly, He gives a very strong impression of the edgy cautious Norman. He starts to be empathised with by the audience because of the terrible burden of his mother. His character does however develop from the innocent used son to the cruel hostage to his mother. Janet Leigh is portrays the damsel in distress because she is tied up with Sam, wanting to marry him, this probably drives her to steal the money and ever since she becomes a lot more wary and cautious on the doomed trip to Fairville. When she is in the parlour with Bates she realises she may be able to piece her life back together and be forgiven but sadly it is too late has she is murdered! In the shower scene first we see Marion rush to the toilet to dispose of her notes on the forty thousand dollars and flushes them (unsuccessfully). As she turns the shower on she seems happy that she can return to Phoenix and sort out her affairs. The door opens and the killer emerges completely shadowed but the figure of an older woman is obvious it is orchestral silence until the curtain is drawn back when the screech of the string orchestra and Marions scream pierces the air. Because no music has played prior to the scream you feel the trap has closed in the time before you only hear the shower. It seems with every stab a chord is played on the strings. When she is killed we see the water go down the drain which is ironic as her life really has gone down the drain, at this point we are startled as we have no one to relate to. There is no music after the attack, as she slides down the wall she reaches out and pulls the curtain down, it is silent until we see the money by the window and the house as Norman Bates shouts as his mother oh the blood mother the blood. The other scene I have analysed is when the dead mother is discovered in the fruit cellar after Sam has confronted Bates. Lila finds herself going down into the fruit cellar as Bates runs upstairs in search of her. She wanders through the room and finds Mrs Bates she runs up to her and says oh! Mrs Bates! And at that point the horrible stuffed figure of the woman is exposed. Lila screams and hits the hanging light just then Norman bursts in dressed as his mother the orchestra starts the murder music again, thankfully Sam bursts in at that point and subdues Norman in a great struggle. We are left with a high angle shot of the room and the shadows moving across Mrs Bates face as if her eyes were moving. My personal opinion is that psycho is and was a benchmark thriller with one of the most gripping horror scenes ever filmed. This truly belongs as one of the best films of all time.

Imagecreatetruecolor() PHP Function

Imagecreatetruecolor() PHP Function The imagecreatetruecolor() function is used in PHP to create a new true color image using the GD Library. True color uses a 24-bit color depth when displaying an RGB image. Its two parameters are the width and height of the image you are creating. Sample Code Using Imagecreatetruecolor() Function This code generates a PNG image that is 130 pixels wide by 50 pixels high. The imagecreatetruecolor() function specifies a shape that is 130 pixels wide by 50 pixels high. The text color is set using RGB values. The text that will print on the shape is A Simple Text String, in size 1 (of 1-5) with an x ordinate of 5 and a y-ordinate of 5. Return Values When successful, this function returns an image identifier that represents a black image of the specified size. If not successful, it returns False. Considerations The GD library must be enabled for this function to work properly; otherwise, the return value is False. It can be downloaded free from the internet if you dont already have it installed. Imagecreatetruecolor() vs. Imagecreate() Function Although the imagecreate() function still works in PHP, the PHP manual recommends the use of the newer imagecreatetruecolor() function, which creates images with many more colorsmakes color transparency possibleallows advanced image processes

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Research Assignment

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Research - Assignment Example Measurements of data in a big population are carried out through random sampling. Random sampling does not give an accurate measurement in people since people are different from each other as compared to elements tested in natural sciences that are always identical (Graham, 2008). The best approach to measurement that should be used in the measurement of people and society is the use of a computerized sampling method that is programmed to practice simulation. Use of computerized sampling will ensure that the whole population is well represented (Davies, 2007). Both qualitative and quantitative types of research need to be valid and reliable to enhance their use by analysts. The validity of these research methods ensures the connection of the research carried out and the theoretical ideas of the researcher (Chikkodi and Satyaprasad, 2010). Much of it refers to the generalizability of the findings in both the quantitative and qualitative research. In a bid to assess, the validity of these two types of validity in research, their credibility and transferability aspect is very important (Connaway and Powell, 2010). The credibility aspect is used to determine whether the findings in the research seem believable while the transferability aspect determines whether the findings of the research are applicable in another context. Reliability of these types of research refers to the situation in which more than one observer of the study agrees with the findings (Katsirikou and Skiadas, 2012). A good example is how an efficient apparatus in laborator y gives accurate data.

The irrational side of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The irrational side of change - Essay Example employees, capability building, role modeling by the managers that enable the employees realize the new change of character in their seniors and reinforcement of different mechanisms within the organization. Human nature is usually the major determinant of the level of success in implementing change in an organization. Human nature can hinder the successful implementation of change through the application of the four conditions explained in achieving success. In telling a compelling story, it is likely that not all employees will be impressed it. It is evident that a story that motivates one person will not have the same motivation on another employee. It is important that the employees get to narrate their own change story rather than the leaders being the ones to do so because the employees will be more committed to the result. In role modeling, the executives often believe that they are the core determinants of change in the organization without realizing that they too need to change (Price & Lawson, P. 15, 2003). To realize change it is important that various structures, processes, and systems are reinforced which can be achieved by rewarding the employees on the achievements unexpectedly. This will have a great impact on the organization’s performance because the impression is likely to last in them (Priestland & Hanig, p.113, 2005). Capability building is usually important in implementing change among the employees because what employees feel, belief and think will significantly drive their behavior. Skill building is important in implementing change but the employees should be allowed to practice what they learn and that barriers that hinder employees from practicing new skills should be

Scientific Management Essay Example for Free

Scientific Management Essay Scientific Management was a new form of management that evolved in the late 1800’s that was based on a number of principles that analyzed the activities of individuals, which in turn, optimized efficiency and productivity. In this essay I will discuss the major advances that were pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henry Gantt and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Frederick Winslow Taylor was thought of as the most influential business guru of the twentieth century. 154) Taylor was a well -educated man that started his work as a laborer and quickly moved up to a chief engineer at Midvale Steel Company. Through his various positions and experience within this company he discovered many problems that were apparent between management and laborer. His first attempt in his creation of Scientific Management was to combat a process called â€Å"soldiering†. Taylor observed how the process of soldering led to low production because workers had intentionally worked slow, while making management believe they were working faster. Taylor identified two types of soldiering that workers practiced: natural and systematic. Natural soldiering was referred to as the â€Å"the natural instinct and tendency of men to take it easy. † Managers tried to overcome natural soldiering by forcing workers to be more productive. (123) Systematic soldiering was when workers all together would reason with one another to work slower. Taylor believed that workers systematically soldiered because of three main reasons. First, if workers completed their jobs faster, they believed they would be laid off. Secondly, when workers were paid by piece rate, if their production increased, they believed management would cut the piece rate requiring them to do more work for the same amount of pay they were receiving at the time. Finally, workers were accustomed to old work habits that were handed down from generation to generation. (124) Taylor believed that systematic soldiering posed more concerns than natural soldering. He thought that the problems arose because of management’s lack of responsibility to create proper jobs that offered good incentives. Taylor knew that a new industrial system would need to be created to correct the problems that were evident with management and laborer. Time Studies Taylor set out to develop a new system in an attempt to overcome the process of soldiering. Taylor believed he could determine how each job could be accomplished most efficiently and then establish performance standards based on his findings. (125) The first step in his system was defined as time studies, which was the beginning of Scientific Management. Taylor believed that he could overcome soldiering by determining what workers ought to be able to achieve with equipment and materials by scientifically setting performance standards. According to the authors of The Evolution of Management Thought â€Å"Taylor used a stop watch, weight scale and tape to literally measure the distances that workers and materials traveled. † (125) From his findings, Taylor discovered that workers used too much effort and materials to accomplish their tasks and believed this was mainly due to improper management. Taylor classified his time studies into two phases: analysis and synthesis. Analysis meant that each job was broken down into movements then the movement was described and recorded along with enough time allowed for unavoidable delays. Synthesis was all the movements in the correct sequence to determine the time and exact method for performing a job. (126)Taylor’s time studies created improvements in all elements that surround a job, careful examination of individuals at work led to a more efficient approach to perform tasks which ultimately reduced effort and increased production. Improved Incentives Taylor noticed that the traditional incentives for workers were discouraged in more ways than one. Taylor believed that management needed to create new incentive rates. Profit sharing and the old ways of paying positions instead of men, seemed to be inefficient methods. Taylor devised a three part plan that improved incentives which consisted of using time studies to set standards and pay rates, a differential piecework system that paid employees a higher rate per piece if they finished their work faster than specified, and lastly, paying the men instead of paying the positions. He believed that performance standards should be set before piece rates and rest period should be given more often to decrease fatique. Additionally, Taylor saw a need for a mutuality of interests between manager and worker and devised a system that would benefit both sides. The belief held by people was that higher wages led to higher costs. In turn, Taylor proved that higher wages would lead to lower costs and increased production with less effort. Employers didn’t have to pay low wages in order to gain momentum in the industry. Taylor also believed that some people are better suited for a position based on their will and ambition; he referred to these people as â€Å"first class workers. † Taylor urged that performance standards should be based on a first class workers pace and believed that management was responsible for identifying these types of workers. Throughout the years people assumed that production was increased by people working longer and harder, but the truth was, production increased if people worked smarter not harder. People used their resources more wisely and learned the most efficient way to complete a job. Task Management System Taylor’s task management system utilized the time studies to dictate how long a task should take to be completed and used careful planning with detailed written instructions to assign tasks to workers. Taylor thought to motivate workers based on how long it took them to complete their job. The workers that finished their job in the allotted time received higher wages compared to those who did not. Management was aided in their tasks by a new term Taylor referred to as â€Å"functional foremanship†. Taylor felt that managers should have certain qualities in order for them to be efficient supervisors which include special and technical knowledge, tact, brains, energy, common sense and good health. Taylor used this selection process to determine what tasks managers should perform. This new system of planned performance allowed each person to be in charge of a different responsibility. Managers skills were specialized which resulted in a decrease in time it took to recruit and hire people who may not be a good fit. This system dramatically changed the way tasks were planned, before this time workplace layout determined how tasks were performed. Taylor went on to put his ideas into writing with a book called The Principles of Scientific Management. This book was a significant advance of the times and made Taylor a national hero in just twenty four hours. His findings that were released in this book, sparked much controversy, but ultimately gained popularity. His book was translated into many different languages just two years after the publication. (141) Taylor was credited for leading the world towards efficiency in more ways than one. Henry Gantt There were many people who followed Taylor’s scientific approach to management thought. One of these followers that had contributed greatly to management thought was Henry Gantt. Gantt was a man that recognized the demands of the world and knew he could have a better chance at making it in life by becoming educated. He obtained a mechanical engineer degree and began his work at the Midvale Steel Company alongside of Frederick Taylor. After working with Taylor, Gantt turned out to be strongly influenced by his ideas about how to manage industry. Gantt became one of Taylor’s leading disciples and moved on to create his own ways to improve management methods and make an industry more efficient. Like Taylor, Gantt knew that there was a need for a mutuality of interest between management and worker. Gantt believed that this theory started with the worker, he argued that the workingman was the most important element in management. (159) He urged that a successful atmosphere in industry was eminent when the employer has the best worker for the position and the worker believes his work is sold at the highest price. Task and Bonus System As Gantt began to examine the managers and workers more closely, he devised a task and bonus system, which was similar to Taylor’s differential piece rate system. Gantt experimented with his ideas before he found the system that was the best solution. He would offer bonuses to workers that completed a task in less than standard time, he offered bonuses to first line supervisors based on each workers performance to complete their task in the allotted time and offered an additional bonus to supervisors if all the workers completed their task in the time limit. He found that this system encouraged supervisors to become better leaders by teaching and helping workers to achieve maximum performance. This was an important concept that shifted management from forcing workers to meet standards to leading them in a cooperative manner. After a while, workers and management started to resist the work methods Gantt created. The workers went on strike and Gantt eventually had to find and train replacements. This occurrence led Gantt to believe that management owned the role of training workers more thoroughly. In addition, Gantt added more training that used industriousness and cooperation, which he referred to as the â€Å"habits of industry†. According to the authors of The Evolution of Management Thought, â€Å"Gantt felt that as a result of doing their work promptly and to the best of their ability, workers would experience pride that comes from quality as well as quantity to work. † (161) Gantt believed that the management and laborer would be benefitted equally; employee would be paid higher wages leading to lower costs and the employer would have a greater output of production. Gantt Progress Chart As Gantt attempted to conquer the problems associated with management and laborer with the task and bonus system, he set out to devise a system to aid management in planning and coordinating workloads. After several attempts, Gantt pioneered a bar chart which was known to be the most valuable contribution to management of the generation. (163) The Gantt Progress Chart showed how work should be scheduled or directed through numerous operations, to completion. This chart allowed managers to distinguish whether a job was ahead or behind schedule, then management could take whatever means were necessary to correct the issue. The Gantt chart became a widely used efficient tool to support management in decision making and helped ensure that resources were being used proficiently. The Gilbreth’s Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were also followers of Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management principles. Frank had greatly contributed to management thought with his invention of the motion studies. Frank began his studies while working as a bricklayer. He started examining the bricklaying process and began to eliminate the steps or motions from 18 to 6. He saw that people could do twice as much work with less effort if the job was done the right way. Frank looked to remove the motions that were unnecessary in jobs, in order to reduce fatigue and increase productivity. After his invention of the motion studies, he moved to focus his work on the construction business. He used the same methods to build homes, dams, factories, skyscrapers and even whole towns. (168) As Frank gained increasing popularity, his wife persuaded him to put his work into writing. His work consisted of three systems: the field, concrete and bricklaying system. The field system was mainly used in construction as an accounting system. This system showed costs, costs in relation to estimates and the total costs of each specific job. In addition, Frank used a suggestion program that enabled workers to obtain extra money for their suggestions on how to improve a job. This would ultimately lead to better service for the customers and additional jobs in the future. (169) Under the concrete system, Frank used competition to motivate the workers. He held contests to see how fast workers could complete a job. Lastly, was the bricklaying system, he used this system to effectively train the workers. He believed apprentices should learn the best way to do a job before standards are set. He believed the earlier methods of instruction from the experienced workers were inefficient and created too much waste. These systems showed how Frank rationalized work methods, improved productivity and ensured efficiency by motivating and correctly training workers by transferring their skills. As Frank started to expand his interests, he looked for better ways to identify inefficient motions. Frank came up with the brilliant idea to use a camera to examine the motions of workers. He then would eliminate the waste based on the analysis. Frank and Lillian also filmed workers attached with small electrical lights; when their movement was slowest they would see a bunch of dots, while they would see sporadic dots when their movement was at a faster pace. The use of camera to observe the movements of workers seemed to be more useful and accurate than Taylor’s use of the stopwatch. As time went by, Frank and Lillian started to detach from Taylor’s methods. Lillian went on to focus her thoughts on â€Å"The Psychology of Management. She studied the effects that work has on humans and held that successful management was determined by the man, not the work. While Lillian tried to determine the most effective and efficient approach to management, she had to compare the three styles that were created: traditional, transitory and scientific. Traditional management created anxiety by relying on rewards and punishment to motivate workers and essentially there was no mutuality of interest between management and worker. Transitory management was the short term style that was incomplete and ill directed before scientific management emerged. Essentially, According to the authors of The Evolution of Management Thought, Lillian believed that scientific management was the best style because it â€Å"promoted regular work, encouraged good personal habits, and fostered the physical, mental, moral, and financial development of workers. (174) Lillian recognized the human factor in work which led her to pioneer human resource management. This creation of human resource management was a significant advance of the times that led industries to obtain the best workers for the positions at hand by the scientific selection, training and placement of the workers. Frederick Taylor, Henry Gantt and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth contributed greatly to the scientific management movement. Close examination of management and workers led to new concepts that improved work methods and incentives, motivated workers, eliminated motions, reduced fatigue and increased production. All of these factors allowed for industries to become more efficient than ever before. Managers gained the proper tools and knowledge that enabled them to train, select and place workers where they were best suited. These concepts that were put into practice in the late 1800’s are still widely used today in the workplace.

Roosevelt Teddy :: Essays Papers

Roosevelt Teddy He first tried the law profession by enrolling in Columbia University. He did not enjoy it and soon left school. He published his first book in 1882 it was entitled â€Å"The Naval War of 1812†. He had begun work on it while still at Harvard. Then Teddy decided that he would try a career in politics. His first position was on the state assembly in the state of New York. He ran as a republican and won the position easily. At this position he did two major things: first he exposed a corrupt judge and secondly he learned to work with men from both parties. Instead of going for a second term of legislature he decided that he would go to the Republican National Convention in Chicago. He went as the chairman for the New York delegation. While Roosevelt’s professional life was flourishing his personal life was not in very good shape. In 1884 both his wife and mother died. His wife died while giving birth to their daughter, Alice. Roosevelt would take a break from politics and form the Elkhorn ranch on the Little Missouri River in the Dakota Territory. On his ranch he led the life of a cowboy. He would round up cattle and ride horses all day. It was a good break for Roosevelt. One story tells of Roosevelt capturing three thieves and holding them at gun point for 6 days until they reached the proper authorities. Also during this time Roosevelt wrote 2 more books (Hunting Trips of a Ranch Man and Thomas Hart Benton) and fell in love with Edith Kermit Carow. On December 2, 1886 Roosevelt and Carow went to London to be married. When they returned to the United States Roosevelt set his mind back on politics. He was very active in the presidential campaign of 1888 when Benjamin Harrison defeated Grover Cleveland. Roosevelt believed in hiring government workers on their skills not based on their party affiliation. At the time the winner of the race would hire every one that had helped them win the race even if they were not qualified for the position. Harrison would award his efforts by appointing him the U.S. Civil Services Commissioner. As commissioner he would continue to challenge â€Å"patronage†. He did such a good job that when Cleveland beat Harrison for reelection he kept him as Civil Services Commissioner. In 1895 Roosevelt would return to New York City to

Nuclear Bomb

The invention of nuclear bomb has been one of the most significant events in the history of humanity. It not only changed the conduct of military warfare, but also completely transformed the geo-political equation by placing humanity’s level of control on its own future through coming in possession of such omni potent means that could wipe out every form of life from earth overnight. The memories of the atomic attack on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki have lived as a constant reminder of the supreme havoc that atomic bombs can inflict. These memories are reinforced further by the repeated instances of nuclear testing and research into the production of atomic weapons that are much more powerful and lethal in comparison of their predecessors. The pursuance of the research into atomic and nuclear weapons, or the weapons of mass destruction, has created a deep ideological and political divide in the world. On the one hand are people supporting nuclear weapons, arguing them as essential tools   to maintain prospects of global peace and also as means to ensure the safety of nations possessing them. While on the other side are people, who see nuclear weapons inherently as a threat to the survival of mankind and campaigning for a world without fear and apprehensions; for a world of the post nuclear age where the veil of the threat of an impending catastrophe is forever lifted over. This paper shall look into the debate on the nuclear policy and relevance of nuclear weapons as a medium to ensure global peace, while critically evaluating the arguments presented on both the sides. It shall also look into the prospects of a nuclear free world and the visions such world entails for humanity. Constructing a nuclear doctrine The debate on the feasibility and utility of nuclear weapons has raged since the day the first military use of nuclear weapons was reported on 6th August, 2006   (Katz, 1987). The standard argument of the advocates of nuclear doctrine have centered on the deterrent effect of the nuclear weapons against any potential attack or threat of aggression (Franklin, 1991). One of the most frequently cited example is that of role played by nuclear weapons in bringing a swift end to the Second World War, with minimum possible casualty in the process (Graham, 2005). They validly argue that without the strikes, Japan would have continued to fight till the last man down, taking up the number of casualties on both sides as well as war expenditures to enormous levels (Franklin, 1991). Since then, the nuclear doctrine has been religiously incorporated in the defense strategy of every major nation, with immense literature created to cite the absolutely necessity and inevitability of nuclear weapons as the only possibly way to ensure global peace and a war free world (Franklin, 1991). Post the end of the Cold War proponents of the nuclear policy have further argued the necessity of effective nuclear policy, especially in the view of the dangers posted by spilling of nuclear weapons in the hands of some of the non responsible nations (Graham, 2005). However, the doctrine of nuclear deterrence has been severely arraigned by the critics for its short comings and narrow visions that it take of subtlety of world geo-politics and the overly simplistic way in which it treats the question of deterrence and global peace (Gottemoeller, 2002 ). Nuclear policy and the race on building up nuclear arsenal have been criticized from ethical, moral, political, practical and strategic point of view over more than half a century, especially in the context of the modern history of humanity that has been torn apart by unimaginable horrors of wars and genocide in the 20th century (Muller, 2004). Thinkers, intellectuals and scientists and many military strategists have strongly argued for a nuclear free world, based on the strong premises that peace is impossible to achieve from those tools that have capacity to utterly destroy life (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002; Cortright, 1999). Their argument is persuasive to reason as it is ironical as a concept and theory to achieve peace by destruction. The only probable way by which nuclear weapons can bring peace is through complete annihilation of people, creating a world where no life would exists to conflict and compete. Even the history of the post nuclear world does not inspire any confidence in the effectiveness of nuclear weapons as a deterrent (Graham, 2005). In more than sixty years after the end of Second World War, innumerable conflicts and at least three wars of international proportion, involving nations equipped with nuclear power have belied the theory that nuclear weapons can act as any potential deterrent to wars (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002). It only creates a danger in escalation of threats of nuclear arm race, where nations without nuclear weapons are trying to possess these coveted means of mass destruction, to create a world of nuclear mutual self destruction (Franklin, 2002). It’s a fact that technology can not be limited as a prerogative to a limited number of nations, as the this dangerous technology spreads out, there are every possible chances that it can be utilized by at some point of time, by some irresponsible and unaccountable regime to create a havoc of unparalleled magnitude (Muller, 2004). The theory of nuclear deterrence also looses its credibility in the face of rise of terrorism as the new danger facing the new world (Graham, 2005). Nuclear deterrence did not act as any deterrent to the attack on the World Trade Centers in 2001, or in London bombing in 2006. On the contrary they create a new and infinitely more powerful threat where possible proliferation of nuclear weapons to terrorist groups can jeopardize the entire concept of national defense strategies of many nations. Conclusion Nuclear weapons can not act as means to achieve global peace. They are weapons of mass destruction, weapons that can kill hundred of thousands of people instantly, razing civilizations to dust, leaving behind death and a scarred earth that would be inhabitable for many generations. This trail of death can not be a harbinger of peace. Global peace can only be achieved by systematic end of nuclear arsenals, and strictly banning the research, testing and possession of nuclear weapons. Reference H. Bruce Franklin. 1991.The Nightmare Considered: Critical Essays on Nuclear War Literature.: Nancy Anisfield – editor. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Bowling Green, OH. Gottemoeller. Rose. 2002. Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Time for Control. Taina Susiluoto – editor. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. Place of Publication: Geneva. Milton S. Katz. 1987. Ban the Bomb: A History of SANE, the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. Praeger. New York. Richard R. Muller. 2004. Getting Mad: A Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice. Henry D. Sokolski – editor. Strategic Studies Institute. Carlisle Barracks, PA. Stephen J. Cimbala and Scouras, J.   2002. A New Nuclear Century: Strategic Stability and Arms Control. Praeger. Westport, CT. Thomas Graham Jr. 2005. Sixty Years After Hiroshima, A Nuclear Era. Current History. Research Library Core. David Cortright. 1999. Ban the Bomb. Sojourner. Humanities Module.